39 KiB
| title | description | keywords |
|---|---|---|
| service create | The service create command description and usage | service, create |
service create
Usage: docker service create [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
Create a new service
Options:
--config config Specify configurations to expose to the service
--constraint list Placement constraints
--container-label list Container labels
--credential-spec credential-spec Credential spec for managed service account (Windows only)
-d, --detach Exit immediately instead of waiting for the service to converge (default true)
--dns list Set custom DNS servers
--dns-option list Set DNS options
--dns-search list Set custom DNS search domains
--endpoint-mode string Endpoint mode (vip or dnsrr) (default "vip")
--entrypoint command Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image
-e, --env list Set environment variables
--env-file list Read in a file of environment variables
--generic-resource list User defined resources request
--group list Set one or more supplementary user groups for the container
--health-cmd string Command to run to check health
--health-interval duration Time between running the check (ms|s|m|h)
--health-retries int Consecutive failures needed to report unhealthy
--health-start-period duration Start period for the container to initialize before counting retries towards unstable (ms|s|m|h)
--health-timeout duration Maximum time to allow one check to run (ms|s|m|h)
--help Print usage
--host list Set one or more custom host-to-IP mappings (host:ip)
--hostname string Container hostname
--init bool Use an init inside each service container to forward signals and reap processes
--isolation string Service container isolation mode
-l, --label list Service labels
--limit-cpu decimal Limit CPUs
--limit-memory bytes Limit Memory
--log-driver string Logging driver for service
--log-opt list Logging driver options
--mode string Service mode (replicated or global) (default "replicated")
--mount mount Attach a filesystem mount to the service
--name string Service name
--network network Network attachments
--no-healthcheck Disable any container-specified HEALTHCHECK
--no-resolve-image Do not query the registry to resolve image digest and supported platforms
--placement-pref pref Add a placement preference
-p, --publish port Publish a port as a node port
-q, --quiet Suppress progress output
--read-only Mount the container's root filesystem as read only
--replicas uint Number of tasks
--replicas-max-per-node uint Maximum number of tasks per node (default 0 = unlimited)
--reserve-cpu decimal Reserve CPUs
--reserve-memory bytes Reserve Memory
--restart-condition string Restart when condition is met ("none"|"on-failure"|"any") (default "any")
--restart-delay duration Delay between restart attempts (ns|us|ms|s|m|h) (default 5s)
--restart-max-attempts uint Maximum number of restarts before giving up
--restart-window duration Window used to evaluate the restart policy (ns|us|ms|s|m|h)
--rollback-delay duration Delay between task rollbacks (ns|us|ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
--rollback-failure-action string Action on rollback failure ("pause"|"continue") (default "pause")
--rollback-max-failure-ratio float Failure rate to tolerate during a rollback (default 0)
--rollback-monitor duration Duration after each task rollback to monitor for failure (ns|us|ms|s|m|h) (default 5s)
--rollback-order string Rollback order ("start-first"|"stop-first") (default "stop-first")
--rollback-parallelism uint Maximum number of tasks rolled back simultaneously (0 to roll back all at once) (default 1)
--secret secret Specify secrets to expose to the service
--stop-grace-period duration Time to wait before force killing a container (ns|us|ms|s|m|h) (default 10s)
--stop-signal string Signal to stop the container
-t, --tty Allocate a pseudo-TTY
--update-delay duration Delay between updates (ns|us|ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
--update-failure-action string Action on update failure ("pause"|"continue"|"rollback") (default "pause")
--update-max-failure-ratio float Failure rate to tolerate during an update (default 0)
--update-monitor duration Duration after each task update to monitor for failure (ns|us|ms|s|m|h) (default 5s)
--update-order string Update order ("start-first"|"stop-first") (default "stop-first")
--update-parallelism uint Maximum number of tasks updated simultaneously (0 to update all at once) (default 1)
-u, --user string Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])
--with-registry-auth Send registry authentication details to swarm agents
-w, --workdir string Working directory inside the container
Description
Creates a service as described by the specified parameters. You must run this command on a manager node.
Examples
Create a service
$ docker service create --name redis redis:3.0.6
dmu1ept4cxcfe8k8lhtux3ro3
$ docker service create --mode global --name redis2 redis:3.0.6
a8q9dasaafudfs8q8w32udass
$ docker service ls
ID NAME MODE REPLICAS IMAGE
dmu1ept4cxcf redis replicated 1/1 redis:3.0.6
a8q9dasaafud redis2 global 1/1 redis:3.0.6
Create a service using an image on a private registry
If your image is available on a private registry which requires login, use the
--with-registry-auth flag with docker service create, after logging in. If
your image is stored on registry.example.com, which is a private registry, use
a command like the following:
$ docker login registry.example.com
$ docker service create \
--with-registry-auth \
--name my_service \
registry.example.com/acme/my_image:latest
This passes the login token from your local client to the swarm nodes where the service is deployed, using the encrypted WAL logs. With this information, the nodes are able to log into the registry and pull the image.
Create a service with 5 replica tasks (--replicas)
Use the --replicas flag to set the number of replica tasks for a replicated
service. The following command creates a redis service with 5 replica tasks:
$ docker service create --name redis --replicas=5 redis:3.0.6
4cdgfyky7ozwh3htjfw0d12qv
The above command sets the desired number of tasks for the service. Even
though the command returns immediately, actual scaling of the service may take
some time. The REPLICAS column shows both the actual and desired number
of replica tasks for the service.
In the following example the desired state is 5 replicas, but the current
number of RUNNING tasks is 3:
$ docker service ls
ID NAME MODE REPLICAS IMAGE
4cdgfyky7ozw redis replicated 3/5 redis:3.0.7
Once all the tasks are created and RUNNING, the actual number of tasks is
equal to the desired number:
$ docker service ls
ID NAME MODE REPLICAS IMAGE
4cdgfyky7ozw redis replicated 5/5 redis:3.0.7
Create a service with secrets
Use the --secret flag to give a container access to a
secret.
Create a service specifying a secret:
$ docker service create --name redis --secret secret.json redis:3.0.6
4cdgfyky7ozwh3htjfw0d12qv
Create a service specifying the secret, target, user/group ID, and mode:
$ docker service create --name redis \
--secret source=ssh-key,target=ssh \
--secret source=app-key,target=app,uid=1000,gid=1001,mode=0400 \
redis:3.0.6
4cdgfyky7ozwh3htjfw0d12qv
To grant a service access to multiple secrets, use multiple --secret flags.
Secrets are located in /run/secrets in the container. If no target is
specified, the name of the secret will be used as the in memory file in the
container. If a target is specified, that will be the filename. In the
example above, two files will be created: /run/secrets/ssh and
/run/secrets/app for each of the secret targets specified.
Create a service with a rolling update policy
$ docker service create \
--replicas 10 \
--name redis \
--update-delay 10s \
--update-parallelism 2 \
redis:3.0.6
When you run a service update, the scheduler updates a
maximum of 2 tasks at a time, with 10s between updates. For more information,
refer to the rolling updates
tutorial.
Set environment variables (-e, --env)
This sets an environment variable for all tasks in a service. For example:
$ docker service create \
--name redis_2 \
--replicas 5 \
--env MYVAR=foo \
redis:3.0.6
To specify multiple environment variables, specify multiple --env flags, each
with a separate key-value pair.
$ docker service create \
--name redis_2 \
--replicas 5 \
--env MYVAR=foo \
--env MYVAR2=bar \
redis:3.0.6
Create a service with specific hostname (--hostname)
This option sets the docker service containers hostname to a specific string. For example:
$ docker service create --name redis --hostname myredis redis:3.0.6
Set metadata on a service (-l, --label)
A label is a key=value pair that applies metadata to a service. To label a
service with two labels:
$ docker service create \
--name redis_2 \
--label com.example.foo="bar"
--label bar=baz \
redis:3.0.6
For more information about labels, refer to apply custom metadata.
Add bind mounts, volumes or memory filesystems
Docker supports three different kinds of mounts, which allow containers to read from or write to files or directories, either on the host operating system, or on memory filesystems. These types are data volumes (often referred to simply as volumes), bind mounts, tmpfs, and named pipes.
A bind mount makes a file or directory on the host available to the
container it is mounted within. A bind mount may be either read-only or
read-write. For example, a container might share its host's DNS information by
means of a bind mount of the host's /etc/resolv.conf or a container might
write logs to its host's /var/log/myContainerLogs directory. If you use
bind mounts and your host and containers have different notions of permissions,
access controls, or other such details, you will run into portability issues.
A named volume is a mechanism for decoupling persistent data needed by your container from the image used to create the container and from the host machine. Named volumes are created and managed by Docker, and a named volume persists even when no container is currently using it. Data in named volumes can be shared between a container and the host machine, as well as between multiple containers. Docker uses a volume driver to create, manage, and mount volumes. You can back up or restore volumes using Docker commands.
A tmpfs mounts a tmpfs inside a container for volatile data.
A npipe mounts a named pipe from the host into the container.
Consider a situation where your image starts a lightweight web server. You could use that image as a base image, copy in your website's HTML files, and package that into another image. Each time your website changed, you'd need to update the new image and redeploy all of the containers serving your website. A better solution is to store the website in a named volume which is attached to each of your web server containers when they start. To update the website, you just update the named volume.
For more information about named volumes, see Data Volumes.
The following table describes options which apply to both bind mounts and named volumes in a service:
| Option | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|
| type |
The type of mount, can be either volume, bind, tmpfs, or npipe. Defaults to volume if no type is specified.
|
|
| src or source | for type=bind and type=npipe |
|
dst or destination or target |
yes |
Mount path inside the container, for example /some/path/in/container/. If the path does not exist in the container's filesystem, the Engine creates a directory at the specified location before mounting the volume or bind mount. |
readonly or ro |
The Engine mounts binds and volumes read-write unless readonly option is given when mounting the bind or volume. Note that setting readonly for a bind-mount does not make its submounts readonly on the current Linux implementation. See also bind-nonrecursive.
|
Options for Bind Mounts
The following options can only be used for bind mounts (type=bind):
| Option | Description |
|---|---|
| bind-propagation |
See the bind propagation section. |
| consistency |
The consistency requirements for the mount; one of
|
| bind-nonrecursive |
By default, submounts are recursively bind-mounted as well. However, this behavior can be confusing when a
bind mount is configured with readonly option, because submounts are not mounted as read-only.
Set bind-nonrecursive to disable recursive bind-mount. A value is optional:
|
Bind propagation
Bind propagation refers to whether or not mounts created within a given
bind mount or named volume can be propagated to replicas of that mount. Consider
a mount point /mnt, which is also mounted on /tmp. The propation settings
control whether a mount on /tmp/a would also be available on /mnt/a. Each
propagation setting has a recursive counterpoint. In the case of recursion,
consider that /tmp/a is also mounted as /foo. The propagation settings
control whether /mnt/a and/or /tmp/a would exist.
The bind-propagation option defaults to rprivate for both bind mounts and
volume mounts, and is only configurable for bind mounts. In other words, named
volumes do not support bind propagation.
shared: Sub-mounts of the original mount are exposed to replica mounts, and sub-mounts of replica mounts are also propagated to the original mount.slave: similar to a shared mount, but only in one direction. If the original mount exposes a sub-mount, the replica mount can see it. However, if the replica mount exposes a sub-mount, the original mount cannot see it.private: The mount is private. Sub-mounts within it are not exposed to replica mounts, and sub-mounts of replica mounts are not exposed to the original mount.rshared: The same as shared, but the propagation also extends to and from mount points nested within any of the original or replica mount points.rslave: The same asslave, but the propagation also extends to and from mount points nested within any of the original or replica mount points.rprivate: The default. The same asprivate, meaning that no mount points anywhere within the original or replica mount points propagate in either direction.
For more information about bind propagation, see the Linux kernel documentation for shared subtree.
Options for named volumes
The following options can only be used for named volumes (type=volume):
| Option | Description |
|---|---|
| volume-driver |
Name of the volume-driver plugin to use for the volume. Defaults to "local", to use the local volume driver to create the volume if the volume does not exist. |
| volume-label | One or more custom metadata ("labels") to apply to the volume upon creation. For example, volume-label=mylabel=hello-world,my-other-label=hello-mars. For more information about labels, refer to apply custom metadata. |
| volume-nocopy |
By default, if you attach an empty volume to a container, and files or
directories already existed at the mount-path in the container (dst),
the Engine copies those files and directories into the volume, allowing
the host to access them. Set volume-nocopy to disable copying files
from the container's filesystem to the volume and mount the empty volume. A value is optional:
|
| volume-opt | Options specific to a given volume driver, which will be passed to the driver when creating the volume. Options are provided as a comma-separated list of key/value pairs, for example, volume-opt=some-option=some-value,volume-opt=some-other-option=some-other-value. For available options for a given driver, refer to that driver's documentation. |
Options for tmpfs
The following options can only be used for tmpfs mounts (type=tmpfs);
| Option | Description |
|---|---|
| tmpfs-size | Size of the tmpfs mount in bytes. Unlimited by default in Linux. |
| tmpfs-mode | File mode of the tmpfs in octal. (e.g. "700" or "0700".) Defaults to "1777" in Linux. |
Differences between "--mount" and "--volume"
The --mount flag supports most options that are supported by the -v
or --volume flag for docker run, with some important exceptions:
-
The
--mountflag allows you to specify a volume driver and volume driver options per volume, without creating the volumes in advance. In contrast,docker runallows you to specify a single volume driver which is shared by all volumes, using the--volume-driverflag. -
The
--mountflag allows you to specify custom metadata ("labels") for a volume, before the volume is created. -
When you use
--mountwithtype=bind, the host-path must refer to an existing path on the host. The path will not be created for you and the service will fail with an error if the path does not exist. -
The
--mountflag does not allow you to relabel a volume withZorzflags, which are used forselinuxlabeling.
Create a service using a named volume
The following example creates a service that uses a named volume:
$ docker service create \
--name my-service \
--replicas 3 \
--mount type=volume,source=my-volume,destination=/path/in/container,volume-label="color=red",volume-label="shape=round" \
nginx:alpine
For each replica of the service, the engine requests a volume named "my-volume" from the default ("local") volume driver where the task is deployed. If the volume does not exist, the engine creates a new volume and applies the "color" and "shape" labels.
When the task is started, the volume is mounted on /path/in/container/ inside
the container.
Be aware that the default ("local") volume is a locally scoped volume driver. This means that depending on where a task is deployed, either that task gets a new volume named "my-volume", or shares the same "my-volume" with other tasks of the same service. Multiple containers writing to a single shared volume can cause data corruption if the software running inside the container is not designed to handle concurrent processes writing to the same location. Also take into account that containers can be re-scheduled by the Swarm orchestrator and be deployed on a different node.
Create a service that uses an anonymous volume
The following command creates a service with three replicas with an anonymous
volume on /path/in/container:
$ docker service create \
--name my-service \
--replicas 3 \
--mount type=volume,destination=/path/in/container \
nginx:alpine
In this example, no name (source) is specified for the volume, so a new volume
is created for each task. This guarantees that each task gets its own volume,
and volumes are not shared between tasks. Anonymous volumes are removed after
the task using them is complete.
Create a service that uses a bind-mounted host directory
The following example bind-mounts a host directory at /path/in/container in
the containers backing the service:
$ docker service create \
--name my-service \
--mount type=bind,source=/path/on/host,destination=/path/in/container \
nginx:alpine
Set service mode (--mode)
The service mode determines whether this is a replicated service or a global service. A replicated service runs as many tasks as specified, while a global service runs on each active node in the swarm.
The following command creates a global service:
$ docker service create \
--name redis_2 \
--mode global \
redis:3.0.6
Specify service constraints (--constraint)
You can limit the set of nodes where a task can be scheduled by defining constraint expressions. Multiple constraints find nodes that satisfy every expression (AND match). Constraints can match node or Docker Engine labels as follows:
| node attribute | matches | example |
|---|---|---|
| node.id | Node ID | node.id==2ivku8v2gvtg4 |
| node.hostname | Node hostname | node.hostname!=node-2 |
| node.role | Node role | node.role==manager |
| node.labels | user defined node labels | node.labels.security==high |
| engine.labels | Docker Engine's labels | engine.labels.operatingsystem==ubuntu 14.04 |
engine.labels apply to Docker Engine labels like operating system,
drivers, etc. Swarm administrators add node.labels for operational purposes by
using the docker node update command.
For example, the following limits tasks for the redis service to nodes where the node type label equals queue:
$ docker service create \
--name redis_2 \
--constraint 'node.labels.type == queue' \
redis:3.0.6
Specify service placement preferences (--placement-pref)
You can set up the service to divide tasks evenly over different categories of nodes. One example of where this can be useful is to balance tasks over a set of datacenters or availability zones. The example below illustrates this:
$ docker service create \
--replicas 9 \
--name redis_2 \
--placement-pref 'spread=node.labels.datacenter' \
redis:3.0.6
This uses --placement-pref with a spread strategy (currently the only
supported strategy) to spread tasks evenly over the values of the datacenter
node label. In this example, we assume that every node has a datacenter node
label attached to it. If there are three different values of this label among
nodes in the swarm, one third of the tasks will be placed on the nodes
associated with each value. This is true even if there are more nodes with one
value than another. For example, consider the following set of nodes:
- Three nodes with
node.labels.datacenter=east - Two nodes with
node.labels.datacenter=south - One node with
node.labels.datacenter=west
Since we are spreading over the values of the datacenter label and the
service has 9 replicas, 3 replicas will end up in each datacenter. There are
three nodes associated with the value east, so each one will get one of the
three replicas reserved for this value. There are two nodes with the value
south, and the three replicas for this value will be divided between them,
with one receiving two replicas and another receiving just one. Finally, west
has a single node that will get all three replicas reserved for west.
If the nodes in one category (for example, those with
node.labels.datacenter=south) can't handle their fair share of tasks due to
constraints or resource limitations, the extra tasks will be assigned to other
nodes instead, if possible.
Both engine labels and node labels are supported by placement preferences. The
example above uses a node label, because the label is referenced with
node.labels.datacenter. To spread over the values of an engine label, use
--placement-pref spread=engine.labels.<labelname>.
It is possible to add multiple placement preferences to a service. This
establishes a hierarchy of preferences, so that tasks are first divided over
one category, and then further divided over additional categories. One example
of where this may be useful is dividing tasks fairly between datacenters, and
then splitting the tasks within each datacenter over a choice of racks. To add
multiple placement preferences, specify the --placement-pref flag multiple
times. The order is significant, and the placement preferences will be applied
in the order given when making scheduling decisions.
The following example sets up a service with multiple placement preferences. Tasks are spread first over the various datacenters, and then over racks (as indicated by the respective labels):
$ docker service create \
--replicas 9 \
--name redis_2 \
--placement-pref 'spread=node.labels.datacenter' \
--placement-pref 'spread=node.labels.rack' \
redis:3.0.6
When updating a service with docker service update, --placement-pref-add
appends a new placement preference after all existing placement preferences.
--placement-pref-rm removes an existing placement preference that matches the
argument.
Specify maximum replicas per node (--replicas-max-per-node)
Use the --replicas-max-per-node flag to set the maximum number of replica tasks that can run on a node.
The following command creates a nginx service with 2 replica tasks but only one replica task per node.
One example where this can be useful is to balance tasks over a set of data centers together with --placement-pref
and let --replicas-max-per-node setting make sure that replicas are not migrated to another datacenter during
maintenance or datacenter failure.
The example below illustrates this:
$ docker service create \
--name nginx \
--replicas 2 \
--replicas-max-per-node 1 \
--placement-pref 'spread=node.labels.datacenter' \
nginx
Attach a service to an existing network (--network)
You can use overlay networks to connect one or more services within the swarm.
First, create an overlay network on a manager node the docker network create command:
$ docker network create --driver overlay my-network
etjpu59cykrptrgw0z0hk5snf
After you create an overlay network in swarm mode, all manager nodes have access to the network.
When you create a service and pass the --network flag to attach the service to
the overlay network:
$ docker service create \
--replicas 3 \
--network my-network \
--name my-web \
nginx
716thylsndqma81j6kkkb5aus
The swarm extends my-network to each node running the service.
Containers on the same network can access each other using service discovery.
Long form syntax of --network allows to specify list of aliases and driver options:
--network name=my-network,alias=web1,driver-opt=field1=value1
Publish service ports externally to the swarm (-p, --publish)
You can publish service ports to make them available externally to the swarm
using the --publish flag. The --publish flag can take two different styles
of arguments. The short version is positional, and allows you to specify the
published port and target port separated by a colon.
$ docker service create --name my_web --replicas 3 --publish 8080:80 nginx
There is also a long format, which is easier to read and allows you to specify more options. The long format is preferred. You cannot specify the service's mode when using the short format. Here is an example of using the long format for the same service as above:
$ docker service create --name my_web --replicas 3 --publish published=8080,target=80 nginx
The options you can specify are:
| Option | Short syntax | Long syntax | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| published and target port | --publish 8080:80 | --publish published=8080,target=80 | The target port within the container and the port to map it to on the nodes, using the routing mesh (ingress) or host-level networking. More options are available, later in this table. The key-value syntax is preferred, because it is somewhat self-documenting. |
| mode | Not possible to set using short syntax. | --publish published=8080,target=80,mode=host | The mode to use for binding the port, either ingress or host. Defaults to ingress to use the routing mesh. |
| protocol | --publish 8080:80/tcp | --publish published=8080,target=80,protocol=tcp | The protocol to use, tcp , udp, or sctp. Defaults to tcp. To bind a port for both protocols, specify the -p or --publish flag twice. |
When you publish a service port using ingress mode, the swarm routing mesh
makes the service accessible at the published port on every node regardless if
there is a task for the service running on the node. If you use host mode,
the port is only bound on nodes where the service is running, and a given port
on a node can only be bound once. You can only set the publication mode using
the long syntax. For more information refer to
Use swarm mode routing mesh.
Provide credential specs for managed service accounts (Windows only)
This option is only used for services using Windows containers. The
--credential-spec must be in the format file://<filename> or
registry://<value-name>.
When using the file://<filename> format, the referenced file must be
present in the CredentialSpecs subdirectory in the docker data directory,
which defaults to C:\ProgramData\Docker\ on Windows. For example,
specifying file://spec.json loads C:\ProgramData\Docker\CredentialSpecs\spec.json.
When using the registry://<value-name> format, the credential spec is
read from the Windows registry on the daemon's host. The specified
registry value must be located in:
HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Virtualization\Containers\CredentialSpecs
Create services using templates
You can use templates for some flags of service create, using the syntax
provided by the Go's text/template package.
The supported flags are the following :
--hostname--mount--env
Valid placeholders for the Go template are listed below:
| Placeholder | Description |
|---|---|
| .Service.ID | Service ID |
| .Service.Name | Service name |
| .Service.Labels | Service labels |
| .Node.ID | Node ID |
| .Node.Hostname | Node Hostname |
| .Task.ID | Task ID |
| .Task.Name | Task name |
| .Task.Slot | Task slot |
Template example
In this example, we are going to set the template of the created containers based on the service's name, the node's ID and hostname where it sits.
$ docker service create --name hosttempl \
--hostname="{{.Node.Hostname}}-{{.Node.ID}}-{{.Service.Name}}"\
busybox top
va8ew30grofhjoychbr6iot8c
$ docker service ps va8ew30grofhjoychbr6iot8c
ID NAME IMAGE NODE DESIRED STATE CURRENT STATE ERROR PORTS
wo41w8hg8qan hosttempl.1 busybox:latest@sha256:29f5d56d12684887bdfa50dcd29fc31eea4aaf4ad3bec43daf19026a7ce69912 2e7a8a9c4da2 Running Running about a minute ago
$ docker inspect --format="{{.Config.Hostname}}" 2e7a8a9c4da2-wo41w8hg8qanxwjwsg4kxpprj-hosttempl
x3ti0erg11rjpg64m75kej2mz-hosttempl
Specify isolation mode (Windows)
By default, tasks scheduled on Windows nodes are run using the default isolation mode
configured for this particular node. To force a specific isolation mode, you can use
the --isolation flag:
$ docker service create --name myservice --isolation=process microsoft/nanoserver
Supported isolation modes on Windows are:
default: use default settings specified on the node running the taskprocess: use process isolation (Windows server only)hyperv: use Hyper-V isolation
Create services requesting Generic Resources
You can narrow the kind of nodes your task can land on through the using the
--generic-resource flag (if the nodes advertise these resources):
$ docker service create --name cuda \
--generic-resource "NVIDIA-GPU=2" \
--generic-resource "SSD=1" \
nvidia/cuda