8.8 KiB
| title | description | keywords |
|---|---|---|
| pull | The pull command description and usage | pull, image, hub, docker |
pull
Usage: docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG|@DIGEST]
Pull an image or a repository from a registry
Options:
-a, --all-tags Download all tagged images in the repository
--disable-content-trust Skip image verification (default true)
--help Print usage
-q, --quiet Suppress verbose output
Description
Most of your images will be created on top of a base image from the Docker Hub registry.
Docker Hub contains many pre-built images that you
can pull and try without needing to define and configure your own.
To download a particular image, or set of images (i.e., a repository),
use docker pull.
Proxy configuration
If you are behind an HTTP proxy server, for example in corporate settings,
before open a connect to registry, you may need to configure the Docker
daemon's proxy settings, using the HTTP_PROXY, HTTPS_PROXY, and NO_PROXY
environment variables. To set these environment variables on a host using
systemd, refer to the control and configure Docker with systemd
for variables configuration.
Concurrent downloads
By default the Docker daemon will pull three layers of an image at a time.
If you are on a low bandwidth connection this may cause timeout issues and you may want to lower
this via the --max-concurrent-downloads daemon option. See the
daemon documentation for more details.
Examples
Pull an image from Docker Hub
To download a particular image, or set of images (i.e., a repository), use
docker pull. If no tag is provided, Docker Engine uses the :latest tag as a
default. This command pulls the debian:latest image:
$ docker pull debian
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/debian
fdd5d7827f33: Pull complete
a3ed95caeb02: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:e7d38b3517548a1c71e41bffe9c8ae6d6d29546ce46bf62159837aad072c90aa
Status: Downloaded newer image for debian:latest
Docker images can consist of multiple layers. In the example above, the image
consists of two layers; fdd5d7827f33 and a3ed95caeb02.
Layers can be reused by images. For example, the debian:jessie image shares
both layers with debian:latest. Pulling the debian:jessie image therefore
only pulls its metadata, but not its layers, because all layers are already
present locally:
$ docker pull debian:jessie
jessie: Pulling from library/debian
fdd5d7827f33: Already exists
a3ed95caeb02: Already exists
Digest: sha256:a9c958be96d7d40df920e7041608f2f017af81800ca5ad23e327bc402626b58e
Status: Downloaded newer image for debian:jessie
To see which images are present locally, use the docker images
command:
$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
debian jessie f50f9524513f 5 days ago 125.1 MB
debian latest f50f9524513f 5 days ago 125.1 MB
Docker uses a content-addressable image store, and the image ID is a SHA256
digest covering the image's configuration and layers. In the example above,
debian:jessie and debian:latest have the same image ID because they are
actually the same image tagged with different names. Because they are the
same image, their layers are stored only once and do not consume extra disk
space.
For more information about images, layers, and the content-addressable store, refer to understand images, containers, and storage drivers.
Pull an image by digest (immutable identifier)
So far, you've pulled images by their name (and "tag"). Using names and tags is
a convenient way to work with images. When using tags, you can docker pull an
image again to make sure you have the most up-to-date version of that image.
For example, docker pull ubuntu:20.04 pulls the latest version of the Ubuntu
20.04 image.
In some cases you don't want images to be updated to newer versions, but prefer to use a fixed version of an image. Docker enables you to pull an image by its digest. When pulling an image by digest, you specify exactly which version of an image to pull. Doing so, allows you to "pin" an image to that version, and guarantee that the image you're using is always the same.
To know the digest of an image, pull the image first. Let's pull the latest
ubuntu:20.04 image from Docker Hub:
$ docker pull ubuntu:20.04
20.04: Pulling from library/ubuntu
16ec32c2132b: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:82becede498899ec668628e7cb0ad87b6e1c371cb8a1e597d83a47fac21d6af3
Status: Downloaded newer image for ubuntu:20.04
docker.io/library/ubuntu:20.04
Docker prints the digest of the image after the pull has finished. In the example above, the digest of the image is:
sha256:82becede498899ec668628e7cb0ad87b6e1c371cb8a1e597d83a47fac21d6af3
Docker also prints the digest of an image when pushing to a registry. This may be useful if you want to pin to a version of the image you just pushed.
A digest takes the place of the tag when pulling an image, for example, to pull the above image by digest, run the following command:
$ docker pull ubuntu@sha256:82becede498899ec668628e7cb0ad87b6e1c371cb8a1e597d83a47fac21d6af3
docker.io/library/ubuntu@sha256:82becede498899ec668628e7cb0ad87b6e1c371cb8a1e597d83a47fac21d6af3: Pulling from library/ubuntu
Digest: sha256:82becede498899ec668628e7cb0ad87b6e1c371cb8a1e597d83a47fac21d6af3
Status: Image is up to date for ubuntu@sha256:82becede498899ec668628e7cb0ad87b6e1c371cb8a1e597d83a47fac21d6af3
docker.io/library/ubuntu@sha256:82becede498899ec668628e7cb0ad87b6e1c371cb8a1e597d83a47fac21d6af3
Digest can also be used in the FROM of a Dockerfile, for example:
FROM ubuntu@sha256:82becede498899ec668628e7cb0ad87b6e1c371cb8a1e597d83a47fac21d6af3
LABEL org.opencontainers.image.authors="some maintainer <maintainer@example.com>"
Note
Using this feature "pins" an image to a specific version in time. Docker will therefore not pull updated versions of an image, which may include security updates. If you want to pull an updated image, you need to change the digest accordingly.
Pull from a different registry
By default, docker pull pulls images from Docker Hub. It is also possible to
manually specify the path of a registry to pull from. For example, if you have
set up a local registry, you can specify its path to pull from it. A registry
path is similar to a URL, but does not contain a protocol specifier (https://).
The following command pulls the testing/test-image image from a local registry
listening on port 5000 (myregistry.local:5000):
$ docker pull myregistry.local:5000/testing/test-image
Registry credentials are managed by docker login.
Docker uses the https:// protocol to communicate with a registry, unless the
registry is allowed to be accessed over an insecure connection. Refer to the
insecure registries section for more information.
Pull a repository with multiple images (-a, --all-tags)
By default, docker pull pulls a single image from the registry. A repository
can contain multiple images. To pull all images from a repository, provide the
-a (or --all-tags) option when using docker pull.
This command pulls all images from the fedora repository:
$ docker pull --all-tags fedora
Pulling repository fedora
ad57ef8d78d7: Download complete
105182bb5e8b: Download complete
511136ea3c5a: Download complete
73bd853d2ea5: Download complete
....
Status: Downloaded newer image for fedora
After the pull has completed use the docker images command to see the
images that were pulled. The example below shows all the fedora images
that are present locally:
$ docker images fedora
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
fedora rawhide ad57ef8d78d7 5 days ago 359.3 MB
fedora 20 105182bb5e8b 5 days ago 372.7 MB
fedora heisenbug 105182bb5e8b 5 days ago 372.7 MB
fedora latest 105182bb5e8b 5 days ago 372.7 MB
Cancel a pull
Killing the docker pull process, for example by pressing CTRL-c while it is
running in a terminal, will terminate the pull operation.
$ docker pull fedora
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/fedora
a3ed95caeb02: Pulling fs layer
236608c7b546: Pulling fs layer
^C
Note
The Engine terminates a pull operation when the connection between the Docker Engine daemon and the Docker Engine client initiating the pull is lost. If the connection with the Engine daemon is lost for other reasons than a manual interaction, the pull is also aborted.