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page_title: Command Line Interface
page_description: Docker's CLI command description and usage
page_keywords: Docker, Docker documentation, CLI, command line
# Command Line
To list available commands, either run `docker` with no parameters
or execute `docker help`:
$ sudo docker
Usage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND [arg...]
-H, --host=[]: The socket(s) to bind to in daemon mode, specified using one or more tcp://host:port, unix:///path/to/socket, fd://* or fd://socketfd.
A self-sufficient runtime for linux containers.
...
## Option types
Single character commandline options can be combined, so rather than
typing `docker run -t -i --name test busybox sh`,
you can write `docker run -ti --name test busybox sh`.
### Boolean
Boolean options look like `-d=false`. The value you
see is the default value which gets set if you do **not** use the
boolean flag. If you do call `run -d`, that sets the
opposite boolean value, so in this case, `true`, and
so `docker run -d` **will** run in "detached" mode,
in the background. Other boolean options are similar – specifying them
will set the value to the opposite of the default value.
### Multi
Options like `-a=[]` indicate they can be specified multiple times:
$ sudo docker run -a stdin -a stdout -a stderr -i -t ubuntu /bin/bash
Sometimes this can use a more complex value string, as for `-v`:
$ sudo docker run -v /host:/container example/mysql
### Strings and Integers
Options like `--name=""` expect a string, and they
can only be specified once. Options like `-c=0`
expect an integer, and they can only be specified once.
## daemon
Usage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND [arg...]
A self-sufficient runtime for linux containers.
Options:
--api-enable-cors=false Enable CORS headers in the remote API
-b, --bridge="" Attach containers to a pre-existing network bridge
use 'none' to disable container networking
--bip="" Use this CIDR notation address for the network bridge's IP, not compatible with -b
-D, --debug=false Enable debug mode
-d, --daemon=false Enable daemon mode
--dns=[] Force Docker to use specific DNS servers
--dns-search=[] Force Docker to use specific DNS search domains
-e, --exec-driver="native" Force the Docker runtime to use a specific exec driver
--fixed-cidr="" IPv4 subnet for fixed IPs (ex: 10.20.0.0/16)
this subnet must be nested in the bridge subnet (which is defined by -b or --bip)
-G, --group="docker" Group to assign the unix socket specified by -H when running in daemon mode
use '' (the empty string) to disable setting of a group
-g, --graph="/var/lib/docker" Path to use as the root of the Docker runtime
-H, --host=[] The socket(s) to bind to in daemon mode or connect to in client mode, specified using one or more tcp://host:port, unix:///path/to/socket, fd://* or fd://socketfd.
--icc=true Enable inter-container communication
--insecure-registry=[] Enable insecure communication with specified registries (disables certificate verification for HTTPS and enables HTTP fallback) (e.g., localhost:5000 or 10.20.0.0/16)
--ip=0.0.0.0 Default IP address to use when binding container ports
--ip-forward=true Enable net.ipv4.ip_forward
--ip-masq=true Enable IP masquerading for bridge's IP range
--iptables=true Enable Docker's addition of iptables rules
--mtu=0 Set the containers network MTU
if no value is provided: default to the default route MTU or 1500 if no default route is available
-p, --pidfile="/var/run/docker.pid" Path to use for daemon PID file
--registry-mirror=[] Specify a preferred Docker registry mirror
-s, --storage-driver="" Force the Docker runtime to use a specific storage driver
--selinux-enabled=false Enable selinux support. SELinux does not presently support the BTRFS storage driver
--storage-opt=[] Set storage driver options
--tls=false Use TLS; implied by tls-verify flags
--tlscacert="/home/sven/.docker/ca.pem" Trust only remotes providing a certificate signed by the CA given here
--tlscert="/home/sven/.docker/cert.pem" Path to TLS certificate file
--tlskey="/home/sven/.docker/key.pem" Path to TLS key file
--tlsverify=false Use TLS and verify the remote (daemon: verify client, client: verify daemon)
-v, --version=false Print version information and quit
Options with [] may be specified multiple times.
The Docker daemon is the persistent process that manages containers.
Docker uses the same binary for both the daemon and client. To run the
daemon you provide the `-d` flag.
To run the daemon with debug output, use `docker -d -D`.
### Daemon socket option
The Docker daemon can listen for [Docker Remote API](reference/api/docker_remote_api/)
requests via three different types of Socket: `unix`, `tcp`, and `fd`.
By default, a `unix` domain socket (or IPC socket) is created at `/var/run/docker.sock`,
requiring either `root` permission, or `docker` group membership.
If you need to access the Docker daemon remotely, you need to enable the `tcp`
Socket. Beware that the default setup provides un-encrypted and un-authenticated
direct access to the Docker daemon - and should be secured either using the
[built in https encrypted socket](/articles/https/), or by putting a secure web
proxy in front of it. You can listen on port `2375` on all network interfaces
with `-H tcp://0.0.0.0:2375`, or on a particular network interface using its IP
address: `-H tcp://192.168.59.103:2375`. It is conventional to use port `2375`
for un-encrypted, and port `2376` for encrypted communication with the daemon.
> **Note** If you're using an HTTPS encrypted socket, keep in mind that only TLS1.0
> and greater are supported. Protocols SSLv3 and under are not supported anymore
> for security reasons.
On Systemd based systems, you can communicate with the daemon via
[systemd socket activation](http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/socket-activation.html), use
`docker -d -H fd://`. Using `fd://` will work perfectly for most setups but
you can also specify individual sockets: `docker -d -H fd://3`. If the
specified socket activated files aren't found, then Docker will exit. You
can find examples of using Systemd socket activation with Docker and
Systemd in the [Docker source tree](
https://github.com/docker/docker/tree/master/contrib/init/systemd/).
You can configure the Docker daemon to listen to multiple sockets at the same
time using multiple `-H` options:
# listen using the default unix socket, and on 2 specific IP addresses on this host.
docker -d -H unix:///var/run/docker.sock -H tcp://192.168.59.106 -H tcp://10.10.10.2
The Docker client will honor the `DOCKER_HOST` environment variable to set
the `-H` flag for the client.
$ sudo docker -H tcp://0.0.0.0:2375 ps
# or
$ export DOCKER_HOST="tcp://0.0.0.0:2375"
$ sudo docker ps
# both are equal
Setting the `DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY` environment variable to any value other than the empty
string is equivalent to setting the `--tlsverify` flag. The following are equivalent:
$ sudo docker --tlsverify ps
# or
$ export DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY=1
$ sudo docker ps
### Daemon storage-driver option
The Docker daemon has support for three different image layer storage drivers: `aufs`,
`devicemapper`, and `btrfs`.
The `aufs` driver is the oldest, but is based on a Linux kernel patch-set that
is unlikely to be merged into the main kernel. These are also known to cause some
serious kernel crashes. However, `aufs` is also the only storage driver that allows
containers to share executable and shared library memory, so is a useful choice
when running thousands of containers with the same program or libraries.
The `devicemapper` driver uses thin provisioning and Copy on Write (CoW) snapshots.
This driver will create a 100GB sparse file containing all your images and
containers. Each container will be limited to a 10 GB thin volume, and either of
these will require tuning - see [~jpetazzo/Resizing Docker containers with the
Device Mapper plugin]( http://jpetazzo.github.io/2014/01/29/docker-device-mapper-resize/)
To tell the Docker daemon to use `devicemapper`, use
`docker -d -s devicemapper`.
The `btrfs` driver is very fast for `docker build` - but like `devicemapper` does not
share executable memory between devices. Use `docker -d -s btrfs -g /mnt/btrfs_partition`.
### Docker exec-driver option
The Docker daemon uses a specifically built `libcontainer` execution driver as its
interface to the Linux kernel `namespaces`, `cgroups`, and `SELinux`.
There is still legacy support for the original [LXC userspace tools](
https://linuxcontainers.org/) via the `lxc` execution driver, however, this is
not where the primary development of new functionality is taking place.
Add `-e lxc` to the daemon flags to use the `lxc` execution driver.
### Daemon DNS options
To set the DNS server for all Docker containers, use
`docker -d --dns 8.8.8.8`.
To set the DNS search domain for all Docker containers, use
`docker -d --dns-search example.com`.
### Insecure registries
Docker considers a private registry either secure or insecure.
In the rest of this section, *registry* is used for *private registry*, and `myregistry:5000`
is a placeholder example for a private registry.
A secure registry uses TLS and a copy of its CA certificate is placed on the Docker host at
`/etc/docker/certs.d/myregistry:5000/ca.crt`.
An insecure registry is either not using TLS (i.e., listening on plain text HTTP), or is using
TLS with a CA certificate not known by the Docker daemon. The latter can happen when the
certificate was not found under `/etc/docker/certs.d/myregistry:5000/`, or if the certificate
verification failed (i.e., wrong CA).
By default, Docker assumes all, but local (see local registries below), registries are secure.
Communicating with an insecure registry is not possible if Docker assumes that registry is secure.
In order to communicate with an insecure registry, the Docker daemon requires `--insecure-registry`
in one of the following two forms:
* `--insecure-registry myregistry:5000` tells the Docker daemon that myregistry:5000 should be considered insecure.
* `--insecure-registry 10.1.0.0/16` tells the Docker daemon that all registries whose domain resolve to an IP address is part
of the subnet described by the CIDR syntax, should be considered insecure.
The flag can be used multiple times to allow multiple registries to be marked as insecure.
If an insecure registry is not marked as insecure, `docker pull`, `docker push`, and `docker search`
will result in an error message prompting the user to either secure or pass the `--insecure-registry`
flag to the Docker daemon as described above.
Local registries, whose IP address falls in the 127.0.0.0/8 range, are automatically marked as insecure
as of Docker 1.3.2. It is not recommended to rely on this, as it may change in the future.
### Miscellaneous options
IP masquerading uses address translation to allow containers without a public IP to talk
to other machines on the Internet. This may interfere with some network topologies and
can be disabled with --ip-masq=false.
Docker supports softlinks for the Docker data directory
(`/var/lib/docker`) and for `/var/lib/docker/tmp`. The `DOCKER_TMPDIR` and the data directory can be set like this:
DOCKER_TMPDIR=/mnt/disk2/tmp /usr/local/bin/docker -d -D -g /var/lib/docker -H unix:// > /var/lib/boot2docker/docker.log 2>&1
# or
export DOCKER_TMPDIR=/mnt/disk2/tmp
/usr/local/bin/docker -d -D -g /var/lib/docker -H unix:// > /var/lib/boot2docker/docker.log 2>&1
## attach
Usage: docker attach [OPTIONS] CONTAINER
Attach to a running container
--no-stdin=false Do not attach STDIN
--sig-proxy=true Proxy all received signals to the process (even in non-TTY mode). SIGCHLD, SIGKILL, and SIGSTOP are not proxied.
The `attach` command lets you view or interact with any running container's
primary process (`pid 1`).
You can attach to the same contained process multiple times simultaneously, screen
sharing style, or quickly view the progress of your daemonized process.
> **Note:** This command is not for running a new process in a container.
> See: [`docker exec`](#exec).
You can detach from the container again (and leave it running) with
`CTRL-p CTRL-q` (for a quiet exit), or `CTRL-c` which will send a
SIGKILL to the container, or `CTRL-\` to get a stacktrace of the
Docker client when it quits. When you detach from the container's
process the exit code will be returned to the client.
To stop a container, use `docker stop`.
To kill the container, use `docker kill`.
#### Examples
$ ID=$(sudo docker run -d ubuntu /usr/bin/top -b)
$ sudo docker attach $ID
top - 02:05:52 up 3:05, 0 users, load average: 0.01, 0.02, 0.05
Tasks: 1 total, 1 running, 0 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 0.1%us, 0.2%sy, 0.0%ni, 99.7%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Mem: 373572k total, 355560k used, 18012k free, 27872k buffers
Swap: 786428k total, 0k used, 786428k free, 221740k cached
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
1 root 20 0 17200 1116 912 R 0 0.3 0:00.03 top
top - 02:05:55 up 3:05, 0 users, load average: 0.01, 0.02, 0.05
Tasks: 1 total, 1 running, 0 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 0.2%sy, 0.0%ni, 99.8%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Mem: 373572k total, 355244k used, 18328k free, 27872k buffers
Swap: 786428k total, 0k used, 786428k free, 221776k cached
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
1 root 20 0 17208 1144 932 R 0 0.3 0:00.03 top
top - 02:05:58 up 3:06, 0 users, load average: 0.01, 0.02, 0.05
Tasks: 1 total, 1 running, 0 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 0.2%us, 0.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 99.5%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
Mem: 373572k total, 355780k used, 17792k free, 27880k buffers
Swap: 786428k total, 0k used, 786428k free, 221776k cached
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
1 root 20 0 17208 1144 932 R 0 0.3 0:00.03 top
^C$
$ sudo docker stop $ID
## build
Usage: docker build [OPTIONS] PATH | URL | -
Build a new image from the source code at PATH
--force-rm=false Always remove intermediate containers, even after unsuccessful builds
--no-cache=false Do not use cache when building the image
-q, --quiet=false Suppress the verbose output generated by the containers
--rm=true Remove intermediate containers after a successful build
-t, --tag="" Repository name (and optionally a tag) to be applied to the resulting image in case of success
Use this command to build Docker images from a Dockerfile and a
"context".
The files at `PATH` or `URL` are called the "context" of the build. The
build process may refer to any of the files in the context, for example
when using an [*ADD*](/reference/builder/#dockerfile-add) instruction.
When a single Dockerfile is given as `URL` or is piped through `STDIN`
(`docker build - < Dockerfile`), then no context is set.
When a Git repository is set as `URL`, then the repository is used as
the context. The Git repository is cloned with its submodules
(`git clone -recursive`). A fresh `git clone` occurs in a temporary directory
on your local host, and then this is sent to the Docker daemon as the
context. This way, your local user credentials and VPN's etc can be
used to access private repositories.
If a file named `.dockerignore` exists in the root of `PATH` then it
is interpreted as a newline-separated list of exclusion patterns.
Exclusion patterns match files or directories relative to `PATH` that
will be excluded from the context. Globbing is done using Go's
[filepath.Match](http://golang.org/pkg/path/filepath#Match) rules.
Please note that `.dockerignore` files in other subdirectories are
considered as normal files. Filepaths in .dockerignore are absolute with
the current directory as the root. Wildcards are allowed but the search
is not recursive.
#### Example .dockerignore file
*/temp*
*/*/temp*
temp?
The first line above `*/temp*`, would ignore all files with names starting with
`temp` from any subdirectory below the root directory. For example, a file named
`/somedir/temporary.txt` would be ignored. The second line `*/*/temp*`, will
ignore files starting with name `temp` from any subdirectory that is two levels
below the root directory. For example, the file `/somedir/subdir/temporary.txt`
would get ignored in this case. The last line in the above example `temp?`
will ignore the files that match the pattern from the root directory.
For example, the files `tempa`, `tempb` are ignored from the root directory.
Currently there is no support for regular expressions. Formats
like `[^temp*]` are ignored.
See also:
[*Dockerfile Reference*](/reference/builder).
#### Examples
$ sudo docker build .
Uploading context 10240 bytes
Step 1 : FROM busybox
Pulling repository busybox
---> e9aa60c60128MB/2.284 MB (100%) endpoint: https://cdn-registry-1.docker.io/v1/
Step 2 : RUN ls -lh /
---> Running in 9c9e81692ae9
total 24
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Mar 12 2013 bin
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4.0K Oct 19 00:19 dev
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Oct 19 00:19 etc
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Nov 15 23:34 lib
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Mar 12 2013 lib64 -> lib
dr-xr-xr-x 116 root root 0 Nov 15 23:34 proc
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Mar 12 2013 sbin -> bin
dr-xr-xr-x 13 root root 0 Nov 15 23:34 sys
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Mar 12 2013 tmp
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Nov 15 23:34 usr
---> b35f4035db3f
Step 3 : CMD echo Hello world
---> Running in 02071fceb21b
---> f52f38b7823e
Successfully built f52f38b7823e
Removing intermediate container 9c9e81692ae9
Removing intermediate container 02071fceb21b
This example specifies that the `PATH` is
`.`, and so all the files in the local directory get
`tar`d and sent to the Docker daemon. The `PATH`
specifies where to find the files for the "context" of the build on the
Docker daemon. Remember that the daemon could be running on a remote
machine and that no parsing of the Dockerfile
happens at the client side (where you're running
`docker build`). That means that *all* the files at
`PATH` get sent, not just the ones listed to
[*ADD*](/reference/builder/#dockerfile-add) in the Dockerfile.
The transfer of context from the local machine to the Docker daemon is
what the `docker` client means when you see the
"Sending build context" message.
If you wish to keep the intermediate containers after the build is
complete, you must use `--rm=false`. This does not
affect the build cache.
$ sudo docker build .
Uploading context 18.829 MB
Uploading context
Step 0 : FROM busybox
---> 769b9341d937
Step 1 : CMD echo Hello world
---> Using cache
---> 99cc1ad10469
Successfully built 99cc1ad10469
$ echo ".git" > .dockerignore
$ sudo docker build .
Uploading context 6.76 MB
Uploading context
Step 0 : FROM busybox
---> 769b9341d937
Step 1 : CMD echo Hello world
---> Using cache
---> 99cc1ad10469
Successfully built 99cc1ad10469
This example shows the use of the `.dockerignore` file to exclude the `.git`
directory from the context. Its effect can be seen in the changed size of the
uploaded context.
$ sudo docker build -t vieux/apache:2.0 .
This will build like the previous example, but it will then tag the
resulting image. The repository name will be `vieux/apache`
and the tag will be `2.0`
$ sudo docker build - < Dockerfile
This will read a Dockerfile from `STDIN` without context. Due to the
lack of a context, no contents of any local directory will be sent to
the Docker daemon. Since there is no context, a Dockerfile `ADD` only
works if it refers to a remote URL.
$ sudo docker build - < context.tar.gz
This will build an image for a compressed context read from `STDIN`.
Supported formats are: bzip2, gzip and xz.
$ sudo docker build github.com/creack/docker-firefox
This will clone the GitHub repository and use the cloned repository as
context. The Dockerfile at the root of the
repository is used as Dockerfile. Note that you
can specify an arbitrary Git repository by using the `git://`
schema.
> **Note:** `docker build` will return a `no such file or directory` error
> if the file or directory does not exist in the uploaded context. This may
> happen if there is no context, or if you specify a file that is elsewhere
> on the Host system. The context is limited to the current directory (and its
> children) for security reasons, and to ensure repeatable builds on remote
> Docker hosts. This is also the reason why `ADD ../file` will not work.
## commit
Usage: docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
Create a new image from a container's changes
-a, --author="" Author (e.g., "John Hannibal Smith <hannibal@a-team.com>")
-m, --message="" Commit message
-p, --pause=true Pause container during commit
It can be useful to commit a container's file changes or settings into a
new image. This allows you debug a container by running an interactive
shell, or to export a working dataset to another server. Generally, it
is better to use Dockerfiles to manage your images in a documented and
maintainable way.
By default, the container being committed and its processes will be paused
while the image is committed. This reduces the likelihood of
encountering data corruption during the process of creating the commit.
If this behavior is undesired, set the 'p' option to false.
#### Commit an existing container
$ sudo docker ps
ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS
c3f279d17e0a ubuntu:12.04 /bin/bash 7 days ago Up 25 hours
197387f1b436 ubuntu:12.04 /bin/bash 7 days ago Up 25 hours
$ sudo docker commit c3f279d17e0a SvenDowideit/testimage:version3
f5283438590d
$ sudo docker images | head
REPOSITORY TAG ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
SvenDowideit/testimage version3 f5283438590d 16 seconds ago 335.7 MB
## cp
Copy files/folders from a container's filesystem to the host
path. Paths are relative to the root of the filesystem.
Usage: docker cp CONTAINER:PATH HOSTPATH
Copy files/folders from the PATH to the HOSTPATH
## create
Creates a new container.
Usage: docker create [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
Create a new container
-a, --attach=[] Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR.
--add-host=[] Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)
-c, --cpu-shares=0 CPU shares (relative weight)
--cap-add=[] Add Linux capabilities
--cap-drop=[] Drop Linux capabilities
--cidfile="" Write the container ID to the file
--cpuset="" CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
--device=[] Add a host device to the container (e.g. --device=/dev/sdc:/dev/xvdc:rwm)
--dns=[] Set custom DNS servers
--dns-search=[] Set custom DNS search domains (Use --dns-search=. if you don't wish to set the search domain)
-e, --env=[] Set environment variables
--entrypoint="" Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image
--env-file=[] Read in a line delimited file of environment variables
--expose=[] Expose a port or a range of ports (e.g. --expose=3300-3310) from the container without publishing it to your host
-h, --hostname="" Container host name
-i, --interactive=false Keep STDIN open even if not attached
--link=[] Add link to another container in the form of name:alias
--lxc-conf=[] (lxc exec-driver only) Add custom lxc options --lxc-conf="lxc.cgroup.cpuset.cpus = 0,1"
-m, --memory="" Memory limit (format: <number><optional unit>, where unit = b, k, m or g)
--name="" Assign a name to the container
--net="bridge" Set the Network mode for the container
'bridge': creates a new network stack for the container on the docker bridge
'none': no networking for this container
'container:<name|id>': reuses another container network stack
'host': use the host network stack inside the container. Note: the host mode gives the container full access to local system services such as D-bus and is therefore considered insecure.
-P, --publish-all=false Publish all exposed ports to the host interfaces
-p, --publish=[] Publish a container's port to the host
format: ip:hostPort:containerPort | ip::containerPort | hostPort:containerPort | containerPort
(use 'docker port' to see the actual mapping)
--privileged=false Give extended privileges to this container
--restart="" Restart policy to apply when a container exits (no, on-failure[:max-retry], always)
-t, --tty=false Allocate a pseudo-TTY
-u, --user="" Username or UID
-v, --volume=[] Bind mount a volume (e.g., from the host: -v /host:/container, from Docker: -v /container)
--volumes-from=[] Mount volumes from the specified container(s)
-w, --workdir="" Working directory inside the container
The `docker create` command creates a writeable container layer over
the specified image and prepares it for running the specified command.
The container ID is then printed to `STDOUT`.
This is similar to `docker run -d` except the container is never started.
You can then use the `docker start <container_id>` command to start the
container at any point.
This is useful when you want to set up a container configuration ahead
of time so that it is ready to start when you need it.
Please see the [run command](#run) section for more details.
#### Example
$ sudo docker create -t -i fedora bash
6d8af538ec541dd581ebc2a24153a28329acb5268abe5ef868c1f1a261221752
$ sudo docker start -a -i 6d8af538ec5
bash-4.2#
## diff
List the changed files and directories in a container᾿s filesystem
Usage: docker diff CONTAINER
Inspect changes on a container's filesystem
There are 3 events that are listed in the `diff`:
1. `A` - Add
2. `D` - Delete
3. `C` - Change
For example:
$ sudo docker diff 7bb0e258aefe
C /dev
A /dev/kmsg
C /etc
A /etc/mtab
A /go
A /go/src
A /go/src/github.com
A /go/src/github.com/docker
A /go/src/github.com/docker/docker
A /go/src/github.com/docker/docker/.git
....
## events
Usage: docker events [OPTIONS]
Get real time events from the server
--since="" Show all events created since timestamp
--until="" Stream events until this timestamp
Docker containers will report the following events:
create, destroy, die, export, kill, pause, restart, start, stop, unpause
and Docker images will report:
untag, delete
#### Examples
You'll need two shells for this example.
**Shell 1: Listening for events:**
$ sudo docker events
**Shell 2: Start and Stop a Container:**
$ sudo docker start 4386fb97867d
$ sudo docker stop 4386fb97867d
**Shell 1: (Again .. now showing events):**
2014-05-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 4386fb97867d: (from 12de384bfb10) start
2014-05-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 4386fb97867d: (from 12de384bfb10) die
2014-05-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 4386fb97867d: (from 12de384bfb10) stop
**Show events in the past from a specified time:**
$ sudo docker events --since 1378216169
2014-03-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 4386fb97867d: (from 12de384bfb10) die
2014-03-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 4386fb97867d: (from 12de384bfb10) stop
$ sudo docker events --since '2013-09-03'
2014-09-03T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 4386fb97867d: (from 12de384bfb10) start
2014-09-03T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 4386fb97867d: (from 12de384bfb10) die
2014-09-03T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 4386fb97867d: (from 12de384bfb10) stop
$ sudo docker events --since '2013-09-03 15:49:29 +0200 CEST'
2014-09-03T15:49:29.999999999Z07:00 4386fb97867d: (from 12de384bfb10) die
2014-09-03T15:49:29.999999999Z07:00 4386fb97867d: (from 12de384bfb10) stop
## exec
Usage: docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...]
Run a command in a running container
-d, --detach=false Detached mode: run command in the background
-i, --interactive=false Keep STDIN open even if not attached
-t, --tty=false Allocate a pseudo-TTY
The `docker exec` command runs a new command in a running container.
The `docker exec` command will typically be used after `docker run` or `docker start`.
#### Examples
$ sudo docker run --name ubuntu_bash --rm -i -t ubuntu bash
This will create a container named `ubuntu_bash` and start a Bash session.
$ sudo docker exec -d ubuntu_bash touch /tmp/execWorks
This will create a new file `/tmp/execWorks` inside the running container
`ubuntu_bash`, in the background.
$ sudo docker exec -it ubuntu_bash bash
This will create a new Bash session in the container `ubuntu_bash`.
## export
Usage: docker export CONTAINER
Export the contents of a filesystem as a tar archive to STDOUT
For example:
$ sudo docker export red_panda > latest.tar
## history
Usage: docker history [OPTIONS] IMAGE
Show the history of an image
--no-trunc=false Don't truncate output
-q, --quiet=false Only show numeric IDs
To see how the `docker:latest` image was built:
$ sudo docker history docker
IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE
3e23a5875458790b7a806f95f7ec0d0b2a5c1659bfc899c89f939f6d5b8f7094 8 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV LC_ALL=C.UTF-8 0 B
8578938dd17054dce7993d21de79e96a037400e8d28e15e7290fea4f65128a36 8 days ago /bin/sh -c dpkg-reconfigure locales && locale-gen C.UTF-8 && /usr/sbin/update-locale LANG=C.UTF-8 1.245 MB
be51b77efb42f67a5e96437b3e102f81e0a1399038f77bf28cea0ed23a65cf60 8 days ago /bin/sh -c apt-get update && apt-get install -y git libxml2-dev python build-essential make gcc python-dev locales python-pip 338.3 MB
4b137612be55ca69776c7f30c2d2dd0aa2e7d72059820abf3e25b629f887a084 6 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD jessie.tar.xz in / 121 MB
750d58736b4b6cc0f9a9abe8f258cef269e3e9dceced1146503522be9f985ada 6 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) MAINTAINER Tianon Gravi <admwiggin@gmail.com> - mkimage-debootstrap.sh -t jessie.tar.xz jessie http://http.debian.net/debian 0 B
511136ea3c5a64f264b78b5433614aec563103b4d4702f3ba7d4d2698e22c158 9 months ago 0 B
## images
Usage: docker images [OPTIONS] [NAME]
List images
-a, --all=false Show all images (by default filter out the intermediate image layers)
-f, --filter=[] Provide filter values (i.e. 'dangling=true')
--no-trunc=false Don't truncate output
-q, --quiet=false Only show numeric IDs
The default `docker images` will show all top level
images, their repository and tags, and their virtual size.
Docker images have intermediate layers that increase reusability,
decrease disk usage, and speed up `docker build` by
allowing each step to be cached. These intermediate layers are not shown
by default.
#### Listing the most recently created images
$ sudo docker images | head
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
<none> <none> 77af4d6b9913 19 hours ago 1.089 GB
committest latest b6fa739cedf5 19 hours ago 1.089 GB
<none> <none> 78a85c484f71 19 hours ago 1.089 GB
docker latest 30557a29d5ab 20 hours ago 1.089 GB
<none> <none> 0124422dd9f9 20 hours ago 1.089 GB
<none> <none> 18ad6fad3402 22 hours ago 1.082 GB
<none> <none> f9f1e26352f0 23 hours ago 1.089 GB
tryout latest 2629d1fa0b81 23 hours ago 131.5 MB
<none> <none> 5ed6274db6ce 24 hours ago 1.089 GB
#### Listing the full length image IDs
$ sudo docker images --no-trunc | head
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
<none> <none> 77af4d6b9913e693e8d0b4b294fa62ade6054e6b2f1ffb617ac955dd63fb0182 19 hours ago 1.089 GB
committest latest b6fa739cedf5ea12a620a439402b6004d057da800f91c7524b5086a5e4749c9f 19 hours ago 1.089 GB
<none> <none> 78a85c484f71509adeaace20e72e941f6bdd2b25b4c75da8693efd9f61a37921 19 hours ago 1.089 GB
docker latest 30557a29d5abc51e5f1d5b472e79b7e296f595abcf19fe6b9199dbbc809c6ff4 20 hours ago 1.089 GB
<none> <none> 0124422dd9f9cf7ef15c0617cda3931ee68346455441d66ab8bdc5b05e9fdce5 20 hours ago 1.089 GB
<none> <none> 18ad6fad340262ac2a636efd98a6d1f0ea775ae3d45240d3418466495a19a81b 22 hours ago 1.082 GB
<none> <none> f9f1e26352f0a3ba6a0ff68167559f64f3e21ff7ada60366e2d44a04befd1d3a 23 hours ago 1.089 GB
tryout latest 2629d1fa0b81b222fca63371ca16cbf6a0772d07759ff80e8d1369b926940074 23 hours ago 131.5 MB
<none> <none> 5ed6274db6ceb2397844896966ea239290555e74ef307030ebb01ff91b1914df 24 hours ago 1.089 GB
#### Filtering
The filtering flag (`-f` or `--filter`) format is of "key=value". If there are more
than one filter, then pass multiple flags (e.g., `--filter "foo=bar" --filter "bif=baz"`)
Current filters:
* dangling (boolean - true or false)
##### Untagged images
$ sudo docker images --filter "dangling=true"
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
<none> <none> 8abc22fbb042 4 weeks ago 0 B
<none> <none> 48e5f45168b9 4 weeks ago 2.489 MB
<none> <none> bf747efa0e2f 4 weeks ago 0 B
<none> <none> 980fe10e5736 12 weeks ago 101.4 MB
<none> <none> dea752e4e117 12 weeks ago 101.4 MB
<none> <none> 511136ea3c5a 8 months ago 0 B
This will display untagged images, that are the leaves of the images tree (not
intermediary layers). These images occur when a new build of an image takes the
`repo:tag` away from the image ID, leaving it untagged. A warning will be issued
if trying to remove an image when a container is presently using it.
By having this flag it allows for batch cleanup.
Ready for use by `docker rmi ...`, like:
$ sudo docker rmi $(sudo docker images -f "dangling=true" -q)
8abc22fbb042
48e5f45168b9
bf747efa0e2f
980fe10e5736
dea752e4e117
511136ea3c5a
NOTE: Docker will warn you if any containers exist that are using these untagged images.
## import
Usage: docker import URL|- [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
Create an empty filesystem image and import the contents of the tarball (.tar, .tar.gz, .tgz, .bzip, .tar.xz, .txz) into it, then optionally tag it.
URLs must start with `http` and point to a single file archive (.tar,
.tar.gz, .tgz, .bzip, .tar.xz, or .txz) containing a root filesystem. If
you would like to import from a local directory or archive, you can use
the `-` parameter to take the data from `STDIN`.
#### Examples
**Import from a remote location:**
This will create a new untagged image.
$ sudo docker import http://example.com/exampleimage.tgz
**Import from a local file:**
Import to docker via pipe and `STDIN`.
$ cat exampleimage.tgz | sudo docker import - exampleimagelocal:new
**Import from a local directory:**
$ sudo tar -c . | sudo docker import - exampleimagedir
Note the `sudo` in this example – you must preserve
the ownership of the files (especially root ownership) during the
archiving with tar. If you are not root (or the sudo command) when you
tar, then the ownerships might not get preserved.
## info
Usage: docker info
Display system-wide information
For example:
$ sudo docker -D info
Containers: 14
Images: 52
Storage Driver: btrfs
Execution Driver: native-0.2
Kernel Version: 3.13.0-24-generic
Operating System: Ubuntu 14.04 LTS
CPUs: 1
Total Memory: 2 GiB
Debug mode (server): false
Debug mode (client): true
Fds: 10
Goroutines: 9
EventsListeners: 0
Init Path: /usr/bin/docker
Username: svendowideit
Registry: [https://index.docker.io/v1/]
The global `-D` option tells all `docker` commands to output debug information.
When sending issue reports, please use `docker version` and `docker -D info` to
ensure we know how your setup is configured.
## inspect
Usage: docker inspect [OPTIONS] CONTAINER|IMAGE [CONTAINER|IMAGE...]
Return low-level information on a container or image
-f, --format="" Format the output using the given go template.
By default, this will render all results in a JSON array. If a format is
specified, the given template will be executed for each result.
Go's [text/template](http://golang.org/pkg/text/template/) package
describes all the details of the format.
#### Examples
**Get an instance's IP address:**
For the most part, you can pick out any field from the JSON in a fairly
straightforward manner.
$ sudo docker inspect --format='{{.NetworkSettings.IPAddress}}' $INSTANCE_ID
**List All Port Bindings:**
One can loop over arrays and maps in the results to produce simple text
output:
$ sudo docker inspect --format='{{range $p, $conf := .NetworkSettings.Ports}} {{$p}} -> {{(index $conf 0).HostPort}} {{end}}' $INSTANCE_ID
**Find a Specific Port Mapping:**
The `.Field` syntax doesn't work when the field name begins with a
number, but the template language's `index` function does. The
`.NetworkSettings.Ports` section contains a map of the internal port
mappings to a list of external address/port objects, so to grab just the
numeric public port, you use `index` to find the specific port map, and
then `index` 0 contains the first object inside of that. Then we ask for
the `HostPort` field to get the public address.
$ sudo docker inspect --format='{{(index (index .NetworkSettings.Ports "8787/tcp") 0).HostPort}}' $INSTANCE_ID
**Get config:**
The `.Field` syntax doesn't work when the field contains JSON data, but
the template language's custom `json` function does. The `.config`
section contains complex JSON object, so to grab it as JSON, you use
`json` to convert the configuration object into JSON.
$ sudo docker inspect --format='{{json .config}}' $INSTANCE_ID
## kill
Usage: docker kill [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
Kill a running container using SIGKILL or a specified signal
-s, --signal="KILL" Signal to send to the container
The main process inside the container will be sent `SIGKILL`, or any
signal specified with option `--signal`.
## load
Usage: docker load [OPTIONS]
Load an image from a tar archive on STDIN
-i, --input="" Read from a tar archive file, instead of STDIN
Loads a tarred repository from a file or the standard input stream.
Restores both images and tags.
$ sudo docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
$ sudo docker load < busybox.tar
$ sudo docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
busybox latest 769b9341d937 7 weeks ago 2.489 MB
$ sudo docker load --input fedora.tar
$ sudo docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
busybox latest 769b9341d937 7 weeks ago 2.489 MB
fedora rawhide 0d20aec6529d 7 weeks ago 387 MB
fedora 20 58394af37342 7 weeks ago 385.5 MB
fedora heisenbug 58394af37342 7 weeks ago 385.5 MB
fedora latest 58394af37342 7 weeks ago 385.5 MB
## login
Usage: docker login [OPTIONS] [SERVER]
Register or log in to a Docker registry server, if no server is specified "https://index.docker.io/v1/" is the default.
-e, --email="" Email
-p, --password="" Password
-u, --username="" Username
If you want to login to a self-hosted registry you can specify this by
adding the server name.
example:
$ sudo docker login localhost:8080
## logout
Usage: docker logout [SERVER]
Log out from a Docker registry, if no server is specified "https://index.docker.io/v1/" is the default.
For example:
$ sudo docker logout localhost:8080
## logs
Usage: docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER
Fetch the logs of a container
-f, --follow=false Follow log output
-t, --timestamps=false Show timestamps
--tail="all" Output the specified number of lines at the end of logs (defaults to all logs)
The `docker logs` command batch-retrieves logs present at the time of execution.
The `docker logs --follow` command will continue streaming the new output from
the container's `STDOUT` and `STDERR`.
Passing a negative number or a non-integer to `--tail` is invalid and the
value is set to `all` in that case. This behavior may change in the future.
The `docker logs --timestamp` commands will add an RFC3339Nano
timestamp, for example `2014-09-16T06:17:46.000000000Z`, to each
log entry. To ensure that the timestamps for are aligned the
nano-second part of the timestamp will be padded with zero when necessary.
## port
Usage: docker port CONTAINER [PRIVATE_PORT[/PROTO]]
List port mappings for the CONTAINER, or lookup the public-facing port that is NAT-ed to the PRIVATE_PORT
You can find out all the ports mapped by not specifying a `PRIVATE_PORT`, or
just a specific mapping:
$ sudo docker ps test
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
b650456536c7 busybox:latest top 54 minutes ago Up 54 minutes 0.0.0.0:1234->9876/tcp, 0.0.0.0:4321->7890/tcp test
$ sudo docker port test
7890/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:4321
9876/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:1234
$ sudo docker port test 7890/tcp
0.0.0.0:4321
$ sudo docker port test 7890/udp
2014/06/24 11:53:36 Error: No public port '7890/udp' published for test
$ sudo docker port test 7890
0.0.0.0:4321
## pause
Usage: docker pause CONTAINER
Pause all processes within a container
The `docker pause` command uses the cgroups freezer to suspend all processes in
a container. Traditionally when suspending a process the `SIGSTOP` signal is
used, which is observable by the process being suspended. With the cgroups freezer
the process is unaware, and unable to capture, that it is being suspended,
and subsequently resumed.
See the
[cgroups freezer documentation](https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/freezer-subsystem.txt)
for further details.
## ps
Usage: docker ps [OPTIONS]
List containers
-a, --all=false Show all containers. Only running containers are shown by default.
--before="" Show only container created before Id or Name, include non-running ones.
-f, --filter=[] Provide filter values. Valid filters:
exited=<int> - containers with exit code of <int>
status=(restarting|running|paused|exited)
-l, --latest=false Show only the latest created container, include non-running ones.
-n=-1 Show n last created containers, include non-running ones.
--no-trunc=false Don't truncate output
-q, --quiet=false Only display numeric IDs
-s, --size=false Display sizes
--since="" Show only containers created since Id or Name, include non-running ones.
Running `docker ps` showing 2 linked containers.
$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
4c01db0b339c ubuntu:12.04 bash 17 seconds ago Up 16 seconds webapp
d7886598dbe2 crosbymichael/redis:latest /redis-server --dir 33 minutes ago Up 33 minutes 6379/tcp redis,webapp/db
`docker ps` will show only running containers by default. To see all containers:
`docker ps -a`
#### Filtering
The filtering flag (`-f` or `--filter)` format is a `key=value` pair. If there is more
than one filter, then pass multiple flags (e.g. `--filter "foo=bar" --filter "bif=baz"`)
Current filters:
* exited (int - the code of exited containers. Only useful with '--all')
* status (restarting|running|paused|exited)
##### Successfully exited containers
$ sudo docker ps -a --filter 'exited=0'
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ea09c3c82f6e registry:latest /srv/run.sh 2 weeks ago Exited (0) 2 weeks ago 127.0.0.1:5000->5000/tcp desperate_leakey
106ea823fe4e fedora:latest /bin/sh -c 'bash -l' 2 weeks ago Exited (0) 2 weeks ago determined_albattani
48ee228c9464 fedora:20 bash 2 weeks ago Exited (0) 2 weeks ago tender_torvalds
This shows all the containers that have exited with status of '0'
## pull
Usage: docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG]
Pull an image or a repository from the registry
-a, --all-tags=false Download all tagged images in the repository
Most of your images will be created on top of a base image from the
[Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com) registry.
[Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com) contains many pre-built images that you
can `pull` and try without needing to define and configure your own.
It is also possible to manually specify the path of a registry to pull from.
For example, if you have set up a local registry, you can specify its path to
pull from it. A repository path is similar to a URL, but does not contain
a protocol specifier (`https://`, for example).
To download a particular image, or set of images (i.e., a repository),
use `docker pull`:
$ sudo docker pull debian
# will pull the debian:latest image, its intermediate layers
# and any aliases of the same id
$ sudo docker pull debian:testing
# will pull the image named ubuntu:trusty, ubuntu:14.04
# which is an alias of the same image
# and any intermediate layers it is based on.
# (Typically the empty `scratch` image, a MAINTAINER layer,
# and the un-tarred base).
$ sudo docker pull --all-tags centos
# will pull all the images from the centos repository
$ sudo docker pull registry.hub.docker.com/debian
# manually specifies the path to the default Docker registry. This could
# be replaced with the path to a local registry to pull from another source.
## push
Usage: docker push NAME[:TAG]
Push an image or a repository to the registry
Use `docker push` to share your images to the [Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com)
registry or to a self-hosted one.
## restart
Usage: docker restart [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
Restart a running container
-t, --time=10 Number of seconds to try to stop for before killing the container. Once killed it will then be restarted. Default is 10 seconds.
## rm
Usage: docker rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
Remove one or more containers
-f, --force=false Force the removal of a running container (uses SIGKILL)
-l, --link=false Remove the specified link and not the underlying container
-v, --volumes=false Remove the volumes associated with the container
#### Examples
$ sudo docker rm /redis
/redis
This will remove the container referenced under the link
`/redis`.
$ sudo docker rm --link /webapp/redis
/webapp/redis
This will remove the underlying link between `/webapp` and the `/redis`
containers removing all network communication.
$ sudo docker rm --force redis
redis
The main process inside the container referenced under the link `/redis` will receive
`SIGKILL`, then the container will be removed.
This command will delete all stopped containers. The command `docker ps
-a -q` will return all existing container IDs and pass them to the `rm`
command which will delete them. Any running containers will not be
deleted.
## rmi
Usage: docker rmi [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]
Remove one or more images
-f, --force=false Force removal of the image
--no-prune=false Do not delete untagged parents
#### Removing tagged images
Images can be removed either by their short or long IDs, or their image
names. If an image has more than one name, each of them needs to be
removed before the image is removed.
$ sudo docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
test1 latest fd484f19954f 23 seconds ago 7 B (virtual 4.964 MB)
test latest fd484f19954f 23 seconds ago 7 B (virtual 4.964 MB)
test2 latest fd484f19954f 23 seconds ago 7 B (virtual 4.964 MB)
$ sudo docker rmi fd484f19954f
Error: Conflict, cannot delete image fd484f19954f because it is tagged in multiple repositories
2013/12/11 05:47:16 Error: failed to remove one or more images
$ sudo docker rmi test1
Untagged: fd484f19954f4920da7ff372b5067f5b7ddb2fd3830cecd17b96ea9e286ba5b8
$ sudo docker rmi test2
Untagged: fd484f19954f4920da7ff372b5067f5b7ddb2fd3830cecd17b96ea9e286ba5b8
$ sudo docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
test latest fd484f19954f 23 seconds ago 7 B (virtual 4.964 MB)
$ sudo docker rmi test
Untagged: fd484f19954f4920da7ff372b5067f5b7ddb2fd3830cecd17b96ea9e286ba5b8
Deleted: fd484f19954f4920da7ff372b5067f5b7ddb2fd3830cecd17b96ea9e286ba5b8
## run
Usage: docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
Run a command in a new container
-a, --attach=[] Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR.
--add-host=[] Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)
-c, --cpu-shares=0 CPU shares (relative weight)
--cap-add=[] Add Linux capabilities
--cap-drop=[] Drop Linux capabilities
--cidfile="" Write the container ID to the file
--cpuset="" CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
-d, --detach=false Detached mode: run the container in the background and print the new container ID
--device=[] Add a host device to the container (e.g. --device=/dev/sdc:/dev/xvdc:rwm)
--dns=[] Set custom DNS servers
--dns-search=[] Set custom DNS search domains (Use --dns-search=. if you don't wish to set the search domain)
-e, --env=[] Set environment variables
--entrypoint="" Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image
--env-file=[] Read in a line delimited file of environment variables
--expose=[] Expose a port or a range of ports (e.g. --expose=3300-3310) from the container without publishing it to your host
-h, --hostname="" Container host name
-i, --interactive=false Keep STDIN open even if not attached
--link=[] Add link to another container in the form of name:alias
--lxc-conf=[] (lxc exec-driver only) Add custom lxc options --lxc-conf="lxc.cgroup.cpuset.cpus = 0,1"
-m, --memory="" Memory limit (format: <number><optional unit>, where unit = b, k, m or g)
--name="" Assign a name to the container
--net="bridge" Set the Network mode for the container
'bridge': creates a new network stack for the container on the docker bridge
'none': no networking for this container
'container:<name|id>': reuses another container network stack
'host': use the host network stack inside the container. Note: the host mode gives the container full access to local system services such as D-bus and is therefore considered insecure.
-P, --publish-all=false Publish all exposed ports to the host interfaces
-p, --publish=[] Publish a container's port to the host
format: ip:hostPort:containerPort | ip::containerPort | hostPort:containerPort | containerPort
(use 'docker port' to see the actual mapping)
--privileged=false Give extended privileges to this container
--restart="" Restart policy to apply when a container exits (no, on-failure[:max-retry], always)
--rm=false Automatically remove the container when it exits (incompatible with -d)
--sig-proxy=true Proxy received signals to the process (even in non-TTY mode). SIGCHLD, SIGSTOP, and SIGKILL are not proxied.
-t, --tty=false Allocate a pseudo-TTY
-u, --user="" Username or UID
-v, --volume=[] Bind mount a volume (e.g., from the host: -v /host:/container, from Docker: -v /container)
--volumes-from=[] Mount volumes from the specified container(s)
-w, --workdir="" Working directory inside the container
The `docker run` command first `creates` a writeable container layer over the
specified image, and then `starts` it using the specified command. That is,
`docker run` is equivalent to the API `/containers/create` then
`/containers/(id)/start`. A stopped container can be restarted with all its
previous changes intact using `docker start`. See `docker ps -a` to view a list
of all containers.
There is detailed infortmation about `docker run` in the [Docker run reference](
/reference/run/).
The `docker run` command can be used in combination with `docker commit` to
[*change the command that a container runs*](#commit-an-existing-container).
See the [Docker User Guide](/userguide/dockerlinks/) for more detailed
information about the `--expose`, `-p`, `-P` and `--link` parameters,
and linking containers.
#### Examples
$ sudo docker run --cidfile /tmp/docker_test.cid ubuntu echo "test"
This will create a container and print `test` to the console. The `cidfile`
flag makes Docker attempt to create a new file and write the container ID to it.
If the file exists already, Docker will return an error. Docker will close this
file when `docker run` exits.
$ sudo docker run -t -i --rm ubuntu bash
root@bc338942ef20:/# mount -t tmpfs none /mnt
mount: permission denied
This will *not* work, because by default, most potentially dangerous kernel
capabilities are dropped; including `cap_sys_admin` (which is required to mount
filesystems). However, the `--privileged` flag will allow it to run:
$ sudo docker run --privileged ubuntu bash
root@50e3f57e16e6:/# mount -t tmpfs none /mnt
root@50e3f57e16e6:/# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
none 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /mnt
The `--privileged` flag gives *all* capabilities to the container, and it also
lifts all the limitations enforced by the `device` cgroup controller. In other
words, the container can then do almost everything that the host can do. This
flag exists to allow special use-cases, like running Docker within Docker.
$ sudo docker run -w /path/to/dir/ -i -t ubuntu pwd
The `-w` lets the command being executed inside directory given, here
`/path/to/dir/`. If the path does not exists it is created inside the container.
$ sudo docker run -v `pwd`:`pwd` -w `pwd` -i -t ubuntu pwd
The `-v` flag mounts the current working directory into the container. The `-w`
lets the command being executed inside the current working directory, by
changing into the directory to the value returned by `pwd`. So this
combination executes the command using the container, but inside the
current working directory.
$ sudo docker run -v /doesnt/exist:/foo -w /foo -i -t ubuntu bash
When the host directory of a bind-mounted volume doesn't exist, Docker
will automatically create this directory on the host for you. In the
example above, Docker will create the `/doesnt/exist`
folder before starting your container.
$ sudo docker run -t -i -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock -v ./static-docker:/usr/bin/docker busybox sh
By bind-mounting the docker unix socket and statically linked docker
binary (such as that provided by [https://get.docker.com](
https://get.docker.com)), you give the container the full access to create and
manipulate the host's Docker daemon.
$ sudo docker run -p 127.0.0.1:80:8080 ubuntu bash
This binds port `8080` of the container to port `80` on `127.0.0.1` of
the host machine. The [Docker User Guide](/userguide/dockerlinks/)
explains in detail how to manipulate ports in Docker.
$ sudo docker run --expose 80 ubuntu bash
This exposes port `80` of the container for use within a link without
publishing the port to the host system's interfaces. The [Docker User
Guide](/userguide/dockerlinks) explains in detail how to manipulate
ports in Docker.
$ sudo docker run -e MYVAR1 --env MYVAR2=foo --env-file ./env.list ubuntu bash
This sets environmental variables in the container. For illustration all three
flags are shown here. Where `-e`, `--env` take an environment variable and
value, or if no "=" is provided, then that variable's current value is passed
through (i.e. `$MYVAR1` from the host is set to `$MYVAR1` in the container). All
three flags, `-e`, `--env` and `--env-file` can be repeated.
Regardless of the order of these three flags, the `--env-file` are processed
first, and then `-e`, `--env` flags. This way, the `-e` or `--env` will
override variables as needed.
$ cat ./env.list
TEST_FOO=BAR
$ sudo docker run --env TEST_FOO="This is a test" --env-file ./env.list busybox env | grep TEST_FOO
TEST_FOO=This is a test
The `--env-file` flag takes a filename as an argument and expects each line
to be in the `VAR=VAL` format, mimicking the argument passed to `--env`. Comment
lines need only be prefixed with `#`
An example of a file passed with `--env-file`
$ cat ./env.list
TEST_FOO=BAR
# this is a comment
TEST_APP_DEST_HOST=10.10.0.127
TEST_APP_DEST_PORT=8888
# pass through this variable from the caller
TEST_PASSTHROUGH
$ sudo TEST_PASSTHROUGH=howdy docker run --env-file ./env.list busybox env
HOME=/
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
HOSTNAME=5198e0745561
TEST_FOO=BAR
TEST_APP_DEST_HOST=10.10.0.127
TEST_APP_DEST_PORT=8888
TEST_PASSTHROUGH=howdy
$ sudo docker run --name console -t -i ubuntu bash
This will create and run a new container with the container name being
`console`.
$ sudo docker run --link /redis:redis --name console ubuntu bash
The `--link` flag will link the container named `/redis` into the newly
created container with the alias `redis`. The new container can access the
network and environment of the `redis` container via environment variables.
The `--name` flag will assign the name `console` to the newly created
container.
$ sudo docker run --volumes-from 777f7dc92da7 --volumes-from ba8c0c54f0f2:ro -i -t ubuntu pwd
The `--volumes-from` flag mounts all the defined volumes from the referenced
containers. Containers can be specified by repetitions of the `--volumes-from`
argument. The container ID may be optionally suffixed with `:ro` or `:rw` to
mount the volumes in read-only or read-write mode, respectively. By default,
the volumes are mounted in the same mode (read write or read only) as
the reference container.
The `-a` flag tells `docker run` to bind to the container's `STDIN`, `STDOUT` or
`STDERR`. This makes it possible to manipulate the output and input as needed.
$ echo "test" | sudo docker run -i -a stdin ubuntu cat -
This pipes data into a container and prints the container's ID by attaching
only to the container's `STDIN`.
$ sudo docker run -a stderr ubuntu echo test
This isn't going to print anything unless there's an error because we've
only attached to the `STDERR` of the container. The container's logs
still store what's been written to `STDERR` and `STDOUT`.
$ cat somefile | sudo docker run -i -a stdin mybuilder dobuild
This is how piping a file into a container could be done for a build.
The container's ID will be printed after the build is done and the build
logs could be retrieved using `docker logs`. This is
useful if you need to pipe a file or something else into a container and
retrieve the container's ID once the container has finished running.
$ sudo docker run --device=/dev/sdc:/dev/xvdc --device=/dev/sdd --device=/dev/zero:/dev/nulo -i -t ubuntu ls -l /dev/{xvdc,sdd,nulo}
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 2 Feb 9 16:05 /dev/xvdc
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 3 Feb 9 16:05 /dev/sdd
crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 1, 5 Feb 9 16:05 /dev/nulo
It is often necessary to directly expose devices to a container. The `--device`
option enables that. For example, a specific block storage device or loop
device or audio device can be added to an otherwise unprivileged container
(without the `--privileged` flag) and have the application directly access it.
By default, the container will be able to `read`, `write` and `mknod` these devices.
This can be overridden using a third `:rwm` set of options to each `--device`
flag:
```
$ sudo docker run --device=/dev/sda:/dev/xvdc --rm -it ubuntu fdisk /dev/xvdc
Command (m for help): q
$ sudo docker run --device=/dev/sda:/dev/xvdc:r --rm -it ubuntu fdisk /dev/xvdc
You will not be able to write the partition table.
Command (m for help): q
$ sudo docker run --device=/dev/sda:/dev/xvdc --rm -it ubuntu fdisk /dev/xvdc
Command (m for help): q
$ sudo docker run --device=/dev/sda:/dev/xvdc:m --rm -it ubuntu fdisk /dev/xvdc
fdisk: unable to open /dev/xvdc: Operation not permitted
```
**Note:**
> `--device` cannot be safely used with ephemeral devices. Block devices that
> may be removed should not be added to untrusted containers with `--device`.
**A complete example:**
$ sudo docker run -d --name static static-web-files sh
$ sudo docker run -d --expose=8098 --name riak riakserver
$ sudo docker run -d -m 100m -e DEVELOPMENT=1 -e BRANCH=example-code -v $(pwd):/app/bin:ro --name app appserver
$ sudo docker run -d -p 1443:443 --dns=10.0.0.1 --dns-search=dev.org -v /var/log/httpd --volumes-from static --link riak --link app -h www.sven.dev.org --name web webserver
$ sudo docker run -t -i --rm --volumes-from web -w /var/log/httpd busybox tail -f access.log
This example shows five containers that might be set up to test a web
application change:
1. Start a pre-prepared volume image `static-web-files` (in the background)
that has CSS, image and static HTML in it, (with a `VOLUME` instruction in
the Dockerfile to allow the web server to use those files);
2. Start a pre-prepared `riakserver` image, give the container name `riak` and
expose port `8098` to any containers that link to it;
3. Start the `appserver` image, restricting its memory usage to 100MB, setting
two environment variables `DEVELOPMENT` and `BRANCH` and bind-mounting the
current directory (`$(pwd)`) in the container in read-only mode as `/app/bin`;
4. Start the `webserver`, mapping port `443` in the container to port `1443` on
the Docker server, setting the DNS server to `10.0.0.1` and DNS search
domain to `dev.org`, creating a volume to put the log files into (so we can
access it from another container), then importing the files from the volume
exposed by the `static` container, and linking to all exposed ports from
`riak` and `app`. Lastly, we set the hostname to `web.sven.dev.org` so its
consistent with the pre-generated SSL certificate;
5. Finally, we create a container that runs `tail -f access.log` using the logs
volume from the `web` container, setting the workdir to `/var/log/httpd`. The
`--rm` option means that when the container exits, the container's layer is
removed.
#### Restart Policies
Using the `--restart` flag on Docker run you can specify a restart policy for
how a container should or should not be restarted on exit.
** no ** - Do not restart the container when it exits.
** on-failure ** - Restart the container only if it exits with a non zero exit status.
** always ** - Always restart the container regardless of the exit status.
You can also specify the maximum amount of times Docker will try to
restart the container when using the ** on-failure ** policy. The
default is that Docker will try forever to restart the container.
$ sudo docker run --restart=always redis
This will run the `redis` container with a restart policy of ** always ** so that if
the container exits, Docker will restart it.
$ sudo docker run --restart=on-failure:10 redis
This will run the `redis` container with a restart policy of **
on-failure ** and a maximum restart count of 10. If the `redis`
container exits with a non-zero exit status more than 10 times in a row
Docker will abort trying to restart the container. Providing a maximum
restart limit is only valid for the ** on-failure ** policy.
## save
Usage: docker save [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]
Save an image(s) to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
-o, --output="" Write to a file, instead of STDOUT
Produces a tarred repository to the standard output stream.
Contains all parent layers, and all tags + versions, or specified `repo:tag`, for
each argument provided.
It is used to create a backup that can then be used with `docker load`
$ sudo docker save busybox > busybox.tar
$ ls -sh busybox.tar
2.7M busybox.tar
$ sudo docker save --output busybox.tar busybox
$ ls -sh busybox.tar
2.7M busybox.tar
$ sudo docker save -o fedora-all.tar fedora
$ sudo docker save -o fedora-latest.tar fedora:latest
It is even useful to cherry-pick particular tags of an image repository
$ sudo docker save -o ubuntu.tar ubuntu:lucid ubuntu:saucy
## search
Search [Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com) for images
Usage: docker search [OPTIONS] TERM
Search the Docker Hub for images
--automated=false Only show automated builds
--no-trunc=false Don't truncate output
-s, --stars=0 Only displays with at least x stars
See [*Find Public Images on Docker Hub*](
/userguide/dockerrepos/#find-public-images-on-docker-hub) for
more details on finding shared images from the command line.
## start
Usage: docker start [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
Restart a stopped container
-a, --attach=false Attach container's `STDOUT` and `STDERR` and forward all signals to the process
-i, --interactive=false Attach container's `STDIN`
When run on a container that has already been started,
takes no action and succeeds unconditionally.
## stop
Usage: docker stop [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
Stop a running container by sending `SIGTERM` and then `SIGKILL` after a grace period
-t, --time=10 Number of seconds to wait for the container to stop before killing it. Default is 10 seconds.
The main process inside the container will receive `SIGTERM`, and after a
grace period, `SIGKILL`.
## tag
Usage: docker tag [OPTIONS] IMAGE[:TAG] [REGISTRYHOST/][USERNAME/]NAME[:TAG]
Tag an image into a repository
-f, --force=false Force
You can group your images together using names and tags, and then upload
them to [*Share Images via Repositories*](
/userguide/dockerrepos/#working-with-the-repository).
## top
Usage: docker top CONTAINER [ps OPTIONS]
Display the running processes of a container
## unpause
Usage: docker unpause CONTAINER
Unpause all processes within a container
The `docker unpause` command uses the cgroups freezer to un-suspend all
processes in a container.
See the
[cgroups freezer documentation](https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/freezer-subsystem.txt)
for further details.
## version
Usage: docker version
Show the Docker version information.
Show the Docker version, API version, Git commit, and Go version of
both Docker client and daemon.
## wait
Usage: docker wait CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
Block until a container stops, then print its exit code.
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