diff --git a/.github/workflows/build.yml b/.github/workflows/build.yml
index 88350c7e89..916417edda 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,14 @@
 name: build
 
+# Default to 'contents: read', which grants actions to read commits.
+#
+# If any permission is set, any permission not included in the list is
+# implicitly set to "none".
+#
+# see https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions#permissions
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
diff --git a/.github/workflows/codeql.yml b/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
index 0b6bd18024..15e1eb7092 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,14 @@
 name: codeql
 
+# Default to 'contents: read', which grants actions to read commits.
+#
+# If any permission is set, any permission not included in the list is
+# implicitly set to "none".
+#
+# see https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions#permissions
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 on:
   push:
     branches: 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/e2e.yml b/.github/workflows/e2e.yml
index 8a462812d5..42a967defd 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/e2e.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/e2e.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,14 @@
 name: e2e
 
+# Default to 'contents: read', which grants actions to read commits.
+#
+# If any permission is set, any permission not included in the list is
+# implicitly set to "none".
+#
+# see https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions#permissions
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test.yml b/.github/workflows/test.yml
index c2baf04c46..1f0d6dd815 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,14 @@
 name: test
 
+# Default to 'contents: read', which grants actions to read commits.
+#
+# If any permission is set, any permission not included in the list is
+# implicitly set to "none".
+#
+# see https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions#permissions
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
diff --git a/.github/workflows/validate-pr.yml b/.github/workflows/validate-pr.yml
index ca00ec58ce..0f449d0a03 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/validate-pr.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/validate-pr.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,14 @@
 name: validate-pr
 
+# Default to 'contents: read', which grants actions to read commits.
+#
+# If any permission is set, any permission not included in the list is
+# implicitly set to "none".
+#
+# see https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions#permissions
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 on:
   pull_request:
     types: [opened, edited, labeled, unlabeled]
diff --git a/.github/workflows/validate.yml b/.github/workflows/validate.yml
index 6c54955a29..f5a32c714d 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/validate.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/validate.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,14 @@
 name: validate
 
+# Default to 'contents: read', which grants actions to read commits.
+#
+# If any permission is set, any permission not included in the list is
+# implicitly set to "none".
+#
+# see https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions#permissions
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
   cancel-in-progress: true