builder: rephrase ENV section, remove examples for ENV key value without '='

The `ENV key value` form can be ambiguous, for example, the following defines
a single env-variable (`ONE`) with value `"TWO= THREE=world"`:

    ENV ONE TWO= THREE=world

While we cannot deprecate/remove that syntax (as it would break existing
Dockerfiles), we should reduce exposure of the format in our examples.

Signed-off-by: Sebastiaan van Stijn <github@gone.nl>

docs/reference/builder.md

@@ -500,10 +500,10 @@ Example (parsed representation is displayed after the `#`):
 
 ```dockerfile
 FROM busybox
-ENV foo /bar
+ENV FOO=/bar
-WORKDIR ${foo}   # WORKDIR /bar
+WORKDIR ${FOO}   # WORKDIR /bar
-ADD . $foo       # ADD . /bar
+ADD . $FOO       # ADD . /bar
-COPY \$foo /quux # COPY $foo /quux
+COPY \$FOO /quux # COPY $FOO /quux
 ```
 
 Environment variables are supported by the following list of instructions in
@@ -994,53 +994,56 @@ port. For detailed information, see the
 ## ENV
 
 ```dockerfile
-ENV <key> <value>
 ENV <key>=<value> ...
 ```
 
 The `ENV` instruction sets the environment variable `<key>` to the value
 `<value>`. This value will be in the environment for all subsequent instructions
 in the build stage and can be [replaced inline](#environment-replacement) in
-many as well.
+many as well. The value will be interpreted for other environment variables, so
-
+quote characters will be removed if they are not escaped. Like command line parsing,
-The `ENV` instruction has two forms. The first form, `ENV <key> <value>`,
-will set a single variable to a value. The entire string after the first
-space will be treated as the `<value>` - including whitespace characters. The
-value will be interpreted for other environment variables, so quote characters
-will be removed if they are not escaped.
-
-The second form, `ENV <key>=<value> ...`, allows for multiple variables to
-be set at one time. Notice that the second form uses the equals sign (=)
-in the syntax, while the first form does not. Like command line parsing,
 quotes and backslashes can be used to include spaces within values.
 
-For example:
+Example:
 
 ```dockerfile
-ENV myName="John Doe" myDog=Rex\ The\ Dog \
+ENV MY_NAME="John Doe"
-    myCat=fluffy
+ENV MY_DOG=Rex\ The\ Dog
+ENV MY_CAT=fluffy
 ```
 
-and
+The `ENV` instruction allows for multiple `<key>=<value> ...` variables to be set
+at one time, and the example below will yield the same net results in the final
+image:
 
 ```dockerfile
-ENV myName John Doe
+ENV MY_NAME="John Doe" MY_DOG=Rex\ The\ Dog \
-ENV myDog Rex The Dog
+    MY_CAT=fluffy
-ENV myCat fluffy
 ```
 
-will yield the same net results in the final image.
-
 The environment variables set using `ENV` will persist when a container is run
 from the resulting image. You can view the values using `docker inspect`, and
 change them using `docker run --env <key>=<value>`.
 
 > **Note**
 >
-> Environment persistence can cause unexpected side effects. For example,
+> Environment variable persistence can cause unexpected side effects. For example,
-> setting `ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND noninteractive` may confuse apt-get
+> setting `ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive` changes the behavior of `apt-get`,
-> users on a Debian-based image. To set a value for a single command, use
+> and may confuse users of your image.
-> `RUN <key>=<value> <command>`.
+>
+> If an environment variable is only needed during build, and not in the final
+> image, consider setting a value for a single command instead:
+>
+> ```dockerfile
+> RUN DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get update && apt-get install -y ...
+> ```
+> 
+> Or using [`ARG`](#arg), which is not persisted in the final image:
+>
+> ```dockerfile
+> ARG DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
+> RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y ...
+> ```
 
 ## ADD
 
@@ -1768,7 +1771,7 @@ The `WORKDIR` instruction can resolve environment variables previously set using
 For example:
 
 ```dockerfile
-ENV DIRPATH /path
+ENV DIRPATH=/path
 WORKDIR $DIRPATH/$DIRNAME
 RUN pwd
 ```
@@ -1873,7 +1876,7 @@ this Dockerfile with an `ENV` and `ARG` instruction.
 ```dockerfile
 FROM ubuntu
 ARG CONT_IMG_VER
-ENV CONT_IMG_VER v1.0.0
+ENV CONT_IMG_VER=v1.0.0
 RUN echo $CONT_IMG_VER
 ```
 
@@ -1894,7 +1897,7 @@ useful interactions between `ARG` and `ENV` instructions:
 ```dockerfile
 FROM ubuntu
 ARG CONT_IMG_VER
-ENV CONT_IMG_VER ${CONT_IMG_VER:-v1.0.0}
+ENV CONT_IMG_VER=${CONT_IMG_VER:-v1.0.0}
 RUN echo $CONT_IMG_VER
 ```
 
@@ -2030,7 +2033,7 @@ Consider another example under the same command line:
 ```dockerfile
 FROM ubuntu
 ARG CONT_IMG_VER
-ENV CONT_IMG_VER $CONT_IMG_VER
+ENV CONT_IMG_VER=$CONT_IMG_VER
 RUN echo $CONT_IMG_VER
 ```
 
@@ -2045,7 +2048,7 @@ this Dockerfile:
 ```dockerfile
 FROM ubuntu
 ARG CONT_IMG_VER
-ENV CONT_IMG_VER hello
+ENV CONT_IMG_VER=hello
 RUN echo $CONT_IMG_VER
 ```
 

docs/reference/commandline/build.md

@@ -742,7 +742,7 @@ FROM busybox
 RUN echo hello > /hello
 RUN echo world >> /hello
 RUN touch remove_me /remove_me
-ENV HELLO world
+ENV HELLO=world
 RUN rm /remove_me
 ```
 

docs/reference/commandline/commit.md

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ $ docker inspect -f "{{ .Config.Env }}" c3f279d17e0a
 
 [HOME=/ PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin]
 
-$ docker commit --change "ENV DEBUG true" c3f279d17e0a  svendowideit/testimage:version3
+$ docker commit --change "ENV DEBUG=true" c3f279d17e0a  svendowideit/testimage:version3
 
 f5283438590d
 

docs/reference/commandline/import.md

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ $ sudo tar -c . | docker import - exampleimagedir
 ### Import from a local directory with new configurations
 
 ```bash
-$ sudo tar -c . | docker import --change "ENV DEBUG true" - exampleimagedir
+$ sudo tar -c . | docker import --change "ENV DEBUG=true" - exampleimagedir
 ```
 
 Note the `sudo` in this example – you must preserve

e2e/image/build_test.go

@@ -116,8 +116,8 @@ func TestBuildIidFileSquash(t *testing.T) {
 	buildDir := fs.NewDir(t, "test-iidfile-squash-build",
 		fs.WithFile("Dockerfile", fmt.Sprintf(`
 	FROM %s
-	ENV FOO FOO
+	ENV FOO=FOO
-	ENV BAR BAR
+	ENV BAR=BAR
 	RUN touch /fiip
 	RUN touch /foop`, fixtures.AlpineImage)),
 	)

man/Dockerfile.5.md

@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ A Dockerfile is similar to a Makefile.
   from the resulting image. Use `docker inspect` to inspect these values, and
   change them using `docker run --env <key>=<value>`.
 
-  Note that setting "`ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND noninteractive`" may cause
+  Note that setting "`ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive`" may cause
   unintended consequences, because it will persist when the container is run
   interactively, as with the following command: `docker run -t -i image bash`
 
@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ A Dockerfile is similar to a Makefile.
   ```
   1 FROM ubuntu
   2 ARG CONT_IMG_VER
-  3 ENV CONT_IMG_VER v1.0.0
+  3 ENV CONT_IMG_VER=v1.0.0
   4 RUN echo $CONT_IMG_VER
   ```
   Then, assume this image is built with this command:
@@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ A Dockerfile is similar to a Makefile.
   ```
   1 FROM ubuntu
   2 ARG CONT_IMG_VER
-  3 ENV CONT_IMG_VER ${CONT_IMG_VER:-v1.0.0}
+  3 ENV CONT_IMG_VER=${CONT_IMG_VER:-v1.0.0}
   4 RUN echo $CONT_IMG_VER
   ```
 

man/src/container/commit.md

@@ -27,4 +27,4 @@ variable set to "true", you can create a new image based on that
 container by first getting the container's ID with `docker ps` and
 then running:
 
-    $ docker container commit -c="ENV DEBUG true" 98bd7fc99854 debug-image
+    $ docker container commit -c="ENV DEBUG=true" 98bd7fc99854 debug-image

man/src/image/import.md

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ Import to docker via pipe and stdin:
 ## Apply specified Dockerfile instructions while importing the image
 This example sets the docker image ENV variable DEBUG to true by default.
 
-    # tar -c . | docker image import -c="ENV DEBUG true" - exampleimagedir
+    # tar -c . | docker image import -c="ENV DEBUG=true" - exampleimagedir
 
 ## When the daemon supports multiple operating systems
 If the daemon supports multiple operating systems, and the image being imported