page_title: Command Line Interface page_description: Docker's CLI command description and usage page_keywords: Docker, Docker documentation, CLI, command line # Docker Command Line {{ include "no-remote-sudo.md" }} To list available commands, either run `docker` with no parameters or execute `docker help`: $ docker Usage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND [arg...] -H, --host=[]: The socket(s) to bind to in daemon mode, specified using one or more tcp://host:port, unix:///path/to/socket, fd://* or fd://socketfd. A self-sufficient runtime for Linux containers. ... Depending on your Docker system configuration, you may be required to preface each `docker` command with `sudo`. To avoid having to use `sudo` with the `docker` command, your system administrator can create a Unix group called `docker` and add users to it. For more information about installing Docker or `sudo` configuration, refer to the [installation](/installation) instructions for your operating system. ## Environment Variables For easy reference, the following list of environment variables are supported by the `docker` command line: * `DOCKER_CERT_PATH` The location of your authentication keys. * `DOCKER_DRIVER` The graph driver to use. * `DOCKER_HOST` Daemon socket to connect to. * `DOCKER_NOWARN_KERNEL_VERSION` Prevent warnings that your Linux kernel is unsuitable for Docker. * `DOCKER_RAMDISK` If set this will disable 'pivot_root'. * `DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY` When set Docker uses TLS and verifies the remote. * `DOCKER_TMPDIR` Location for temporary Docker files. Because Docker is developed using 'Go', you can also use any environment variables used by the 'Go' runtime. In particular, you may find these useful: * `HTTP_PROXY` * `HTTPS_PROXY` * `NO_PROXY` These Go environment variables are case-insensitive. See the [Go specification](http://golang.org/pkg/net/http/) for details on these variables. ## Help To list the help on any command just execute the command, followed by the `--help` option. $ docker run --help Usage: docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...] Run a command in a new container -a, --attach=[] Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR -c, --cpu-shares=0 CPU shares (relative weight) ... ## Option types Single character command line options can be combined, so rather than typing `docker run -i -t --name test busybox sh`, you can write `docker run -it --name test busybox sh`. ### Boolean Boolean options take the form `-d=false`. The value you see in the help text is the default value which is set if you do **not** specify that flag. If you specify a Boolean flag without a value, this will set the flag to `true`, irrespective of the default value. For example, running `docker run -d` will set the value to `true`, so your container **will** run in "detached" mode, in the background. Options which default to `true` (e.g., `docker build --rm=true`) can only be set to the non-default value by explicitly setting them to `false`: $ docker build --rm=false . ### Multi You can specify options like `-a=[]` multiple times in a single command line, for example in these commands: $ docker run -a stdin -a stdout -i -t ubuntu /bin/bash $ docker run -a stdin -a stdout -a stderr ubuntu /bin/ls Sometimes, multiple options can call for a more complex value string as for `-v`: $ docker run -v /host:/container example/mysql > **Note**: > Do not use the `-t` and `-a stderr` options together due to limitations > in the `pty` implementation. All `stderr` in `pty` mode simply goes to `stdout`. ### Strings and Integers Options like `--name=""` expect a string, and they can only be specified once. Options like `-c=0` expect an integer, and they can only be specified once. ## daemon Usage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND [arg...] A self-sufficient runtime for linux containers. Options: --api-cors-header="" Set CORS headers in the remote API -b, --bridge="" Attach containers to a network bridge --bip="" Specify network bridge IP -D, --debug=false Enable debug mode -d, --daemon=false Enable daemon mode --dns=[] DNS server to use --dns-search=[] DNS search domains to use -e, --exec-driver="native" Exec driver to use --fixed-cidr="" IPv4 subnet for fixed IPs --fixed-cidr-v6="" IPv6 subnet for fixed IPs -G, --group="docker" Group for the unix socket -g, --graph="/var/lib/docker" Root of the Docker runtime -H, --host=[] Daemon socket(s) to connect to -h, --help=false Print usage --icc=true Enable inter-container communication --insecure-registry=[] Enable insecure registry communication --ip=0.0.0.0 Default IP when binding container ports --ip-forward=true Enable net.ipv4.ip_forward --ip-masq=true Enable IP masquerading --iptables=true Enable addition of iptables rules --ipv6=false Enable IPv6 networking -l, --log-level="info" Set the logging level --label=[] Set key=value labels to the daemon --log-driver="json-file" Container's logging driver (json-file/none) --mtu=0 Set the containers network MTU -p, --pidfile="/var/run/docker.pid" Path to use for daemon PID file --registry-mirror=[] Preferred Docker registry mirror -s, --storage-driver="" Storage driver to use --selinux-enabled=false Enable selinux support --storage-opt=[] Set storage driver options --tls=false Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify --tlscacert="~/.docker/ca.pem" Trust certs signed only by this CA --tlscert="~/.docker/cert.pem" Path to TLS certificate file --tlskey="~/.docker/key.pem" Path to TLS key file --tlsverify=false Use TLS and verify the remote -v, --version=false Print version information and quit --default-ulimit=[] Set default ulimit settings for containers. Options with [] may be specified multiple times. The Docker daemon is the persistent process that manages containers. Docker uses the same binary for both the daemon and client. To run the daemon you provide the `-d` flag. To run the daemon with debug output, use `docker -d -D`. ### Daemon socket option The Docker daemon can listen for [Docker Remote API](/reference/api/docker_remote_api/) requests via three different types of Socket: `unix`, `tcp`, and `fd`. By default, a `unix` domain socket (or IPC socket) is created at `/var/run/docker.sock`, requiring either `root` permission, or `docker` group membership. If you need to access the Docker daemon remotely, you need to enable the `tcp` Socket. Beware that the default setup provides un-encrypted and un-authenticated direct access to the Docker daemon - and should be secured either using the [built in HTTPS encrypted socket](/articles/https/), or by putting a secure web proxy in front of it. You can listen on port `2375` on all network interfaces with `-H tcp://0.0.0.0:2375`, or on a particular network interface using its IP address: `-H tcp://192.168.59.103:2375`. It is conventional to use port `2375` for un-encrypted, and port `2376` for encrypted communication with the daemon. > **Note** If you're using an HTTPS encrypted socket, keep in mind that only TLS1.0 > and greater are supported. Protocols SSLv3 and under are not supported anymore > for security reasons. On Systemd based systems, you can communicate with the daemon via [Systemd socket activation](http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/socket-activation.html), use `docker -d -H fd://`. Using `fd://` will work perfectly for most setups but you can also specify individual sockets: `docker -d -H fd://3`. If the specified socket activated files aren't found, then Docker will exit. You can find examples of using Systemd socket activation with Docker and Systemd in the [Docker source tree]( https://github.com/docker/docker/tree/master/contrib/init/systemd/). You can configure the Docker daemon to listen to multiple sockets at the same time using multiple `-H` options: # listen using the default unix socket, and on 2 specific IP addresses on this host. docker -d -H unix:///var/run/docker.sock -H tcp://192.168.59.106 -H tcp://10.10.10.2 The Docker client will honor the `DOCKER_HOST` environment variable to set the `-H` flag for the client. $ docker -H tcp://0.0.0.0:2375 ps # or $ export DOCKER_HOST="tcp://0.0.0.0:2375" $ docker ps # both are equal Setting the `DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY` environment variable to any value other than the empty string is equivalent to setting the `--tlsverify` flag. The following are equivalent: $ docker --tlsverify ps # or $ export DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY=1 $ docker ps The Docker client will honor the `HTTP_PROXY`, `HTTPS_PROXY`, and `NO_PROXY` environment variables (or the lowercase versions thereof). `HTTPS_PROXY` takes precedence over `HTTP_PROXY`. ### Daemon storage-driver option The Docker daemon has support for several different image layer storage drivers: `aufs`, `devicemapper`, `btrfs` and `overlay`. The `aufs` driver is the oldest, but is based on a Linux kernel patch-set that is unlikely to be merged into the main kernel. These are also known to cause some serious kernel crashes. However, `aufs` is also the only storage driver that allows containers to share executable and shared library memory, so is a useful choice when running thousands of containers with the same program or libraries. The `devicemapper` driver uses thin provisioning and Copy on Write (CoW) snapshots. For each devicemapper graph location – typically `/var/lib/docker/devicemapper` – a thin pool is created based on two block devices, one for data and one for metadata. By default, these block devices are created automatically by using loopback mounts of automatically created sparse files. Refer to [Storage driver options](#storage-driver-options) below for a way how to customize this setup. [~jpetazzo/Resizing Docker containers with the Device Mapper plugin]( http://jpetazzo.github.io/2014/01/29/docker-device-mapper-resize/) article explains how to tune your existing setup without the use of options. The `btrfs` driver is very fast for `docker build` - but like `devicemapper` does not share executable memory between devices. Use `docker -d -s btrfs -g /mnt/btrfs_partition`. The `overlay` is a very fast union filesystem. It is now merged in the main Linux kernel as of [3.18.0](https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/10/26/137). Call `docker -d -s overlay` to use it. > **Note:** > It is currently unsupported on `btrfs` or any Copy on Write filesystem > and should only be used over `ext4` partitions. #### Storage driver options Particular storage-driver can be configured with options specified with `--storage-opt` flags. The only driver accepting options is `devicemapper` as of now. All its options are prefixed with `dm`. Currently supported options are: * `dm.basesize` Specifies the size to use when creating the base device, which limits the size of images and containers. The default value is 10G. Note, thin devices are inherently "sparse", so a 10G device which is mostly empty doesn't use 10 GB of space on the pool. However, the filesystem will use more space for the empty case the larger the device is. **Warning**: This value affects the system-wide "base" empty filesystem that may already be initialized and inherited by pulled images. Typically, a change to this value will require additional steps to take effect: $ sudo service docker stop $ sudo rm -rf /var/lib/docker $ sudo service docker start Example use: $ docker -d --storage-opt dm.basesize=20G * `dm.loopdatasize` Specifies the size to use when creating the loopback file for the "data" device which is used for the thin pool. The default size is 100G. Note that the file is sparse, so it will not initially take up this much space. Example use: $ docker -d --storage-opt dm.loopdatasize=200G * `dm.loopmetadatasize` Specifies the size to use when creating the loopback file for the "metadata" device which is used for the thin pool. The default size is 2G. Note that the file is sparse, so it will not initially take up this much space. Example use: $ docker -d --storage-opt dm.loopmetadatasize=4G * `dm.fs` Specifies the filesystem type to use for the base device. The supported options are "ext4" and "xfs". The default is "ext4" Example use: $ docker -d --storage-opt dm.fs=xfs * `dm.mkfsarg` Specifies extra mkfs arguments to be used when creating the base device. Example use: $ docker -d --storage-opt "dm.mkfsarg=-O ^has_journal" * `dm.mountopt` Specifies extra mount options used when mounting the thin devices. Example use: $ docker -d --storage-opt dm.mountopt=nodiscard * `dm.datadev` Specifies a custom blockdevice to use for data for the thin pool. If using a block device for device mapper storage, ideally both datadev and metadatadev should be specified to completely avoid using the loopback device. Example use: $ docker -d \ --storage-opt dm.datadev=/dev/sdb1 \ --storage-opt dm.metadatadev=/dev/sdc1 * `dm.metadatadev` Specifies a custom blockdevice to use for metadata for the thin pool. For best performance the metadata should be on a different spindle than the data, or even better on an SSD. If setting up a new metadata pool it is required to be valid. This can be achieved by zeroing the first 4k to indicate empty metadata, like this: $ dd if=/dev/zero of=$metadata_dev bs=4096 count=1 Example use: $ docker -d \ --storage-opt dm.datadev=/dev/sdb1 \ --storage-opt dm.metadatadev=/dev/sdc1 * `dm.blocksize` Specifies a custom blocksize to use for the thin pool. The default blocksize is 64K. Example use: $ docker -d --storage-opt dm.blocksize=512K * `dm.blkdiscard` Enables or disables the use of blkdiscard when removing devicemapper devices. This is enabled by default (only) if using loopback devices and is required to resparsify the loopback file on image/container removal. Disabling this on loopback can lead to *much* faster container removal times, but will make the space used in `/var/lib/docker` directory not be returned to the system for other use when containers are removed. Example use: $ docker -d --storage-opt dm.blkdiscard=false ### Docker exec-driver option The Docker daemon uses a specifically built `libcontainer` execution driver as its interface to the Linux kernel `namespaces`, `cgroups`, and `SELinux`. There is still legacy support for the original [LXC userspace tools]( https://linuxcontainers.org/) via the `lxc` execution driver, however, this is not where the primary development of new functionality is taking place. Add `-e lxc` to the daemon flags to use the `lxc` execution driver. ### Daemon DNS options To set the DNS server for all Docker containers, use `docker -d --dns 8.8.8.8`. To set the DNS search domain for all Docker containers, use `docker -d --dns-search example.com`. ### Insecure registries Docker considers a private registry either secure or insecure. In the rest of this section, *registry* is used for *private registry*, and `myregistry:5000` is a placeholder example for a private registry. A secure registry uses TLS and a copy of its CA certificate is placed on the Docker host at `/etc/docker/certs.d/myregistry:5000/ca.crt`. An insecure registry is either not using TLS (i.e., listening on plain text HTTP), or is using TLS with a CA certificate not known by the Docker daemon. The latter can happen when the certificate was not found under `/etc/docker/certs.d/myregistry:5000/`, or if the certificate verification failed (i.e., wrong CA). By default, Docker assumes all, but local (see local registries below), registries are secure. Communicating with an insecure registry is not possible if Docker assumes that registry is secure. In order to communicate with an insecure registry, the Docker daemon requires `--insecure-registry` in one of the following two forms: * `--insecure-registry myregistry:5000` tells the Docker daemon that myregistry:5000 should be considered insecure. * `--insecure-registry 10.1.0.0/16` tells the Docker daemon that all registries whose domain resolve to an IP address is part of the subnet described by the CIDR syntax, should be considered insecure. The flag can be used multiple times to allow multiple registries to be marked as insecure. If an insecure registry is not marked as insecure, `docker pull`, `docker push`, and `docker search` will result in an error message prompting the user to either secure or pass the `--insecure-registry` flag to the Docker daemon as described above. Local registries, whose IP address falls in the 127.0.0.0/8 range, are automatically marked as insecure as of Docker 1.3.2. It is not recommended to rely on this, as it may change in the future. ### Running a Docker daemon behind a HTTPS_PROXY When running inside a LAN that uses a `HTTPS` proxy, the Docker Hub certificates will be replaced by the proxy's certificates. These certificates need to be added to your Docker host's configuration: 1. Install the `ca-certificates` package for your distribution 2. Ask your network admin for the proxy's CA certificate and append them to `/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt` 3. Then start your Docker daemon with `HTTPS_PROXY=http://username:password@proxy:port/ docker -d`. The `username:` and `password@` are optional - and are only needed if your proxy is set up to require authentication. This will only add the proxy and authentication to the Docker daemon's requests - your `docker build`s and running containers will need extra configuration to use the proxy ### Default Ulimits `--default-ulimit` allows you to set the default `ulimit` options to use for all containers. It takes the same options as `--ulimit` for `docker run`. If these defaults are not set, `ulimit` settings will be inherited, if not set on `docker run`, from the Docker daemon. Any `--ulimit` options passed to `docker run` will overwrite these defaults. ### Miscellaneous options IP masquerading uses address translation to allow containers without a public IP to talk to other machines on the Internet. This may interfere with some network topologies and can be disabled with --ip-masq=false. Docker supports softlinks for the Docker data directory (`/var/lib/docker`) and for `/var/lib/docker/tmp`. The `DOCKER_TMPDIR` and the data directory can be set like this: DOCKER_TMPDIR=/mnt/disk2/tmp /usr/local/bin/docker -d -D -g /var/lib/docker -H unix:// > /var/lib/boot2docker/docker.log 2>&1 # or export DOCKER_TMPDIR=/mnt/disk2/tmp /usr/local/bin/docker -d -D -g /var/lib/docker -H unix:// > /var/lib/boot2docker/docker.log 2>&1 ## attach Usage: docker attach [OPTIONS] CONTAINER Attach to a running container --no-stdin=false Do not attach STDIN --sig-proxy=true Proxy all received signals to the process The `docker attach` command allows you to attach to a running container using the container's ID or name, either to view its ongoing output or to control it interactively. You can attach to the same contained process multiple times simultaneously, screen sharing style, or quickly view the progress of your daemonized process. You can detach from the container (and leave it running) with `CTRL-p CTRL-q` (for a quiet exit) or `CTRL-c` which will send a `SIGKILL` to the container. When you are attached to a container, and exit its main process, the process's exit code will be returned to the client. It is forbidden to redirect the standard input of a `docker attach` command while attaching to a tty-enabled container (i.e.: launched with `-t`). #### Examples $ docker run -d --name topdemo ubuntu /usr/bin/top -b $ docker attach topdemo top - 02:05:52 up 3:05, 0 users, load average: 0.01, 0.02, 0.05 Tasks: 1 total, 1 running, 0 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.1%us, 0.2%sy, 0.0%ni, 99.7%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 373572k total, 355560k used, 18012k free, 27872k buffers Swap: 786428k total, 0k used, 786428k free, 221740k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1 root 20 0 17200 1116 912 R 0 0.3 0:00.03 top top - 02:05:55 up 3:05, 0 users, load average: 0.01, 0.02, 0.05 Tasks: 1 total, 1 running, 0 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 0.2%sy, 0.0%ni, 99.8%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 373572k total, 355244k used, 18328k free, 27872k buffers Swap: 786428k total, 0k used, 786428k free, 221776k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1 root 20 0 17208 1144 932 R 0 0.3 0:00.03 top top - 02:05:58 up 3:06, 0 users, load average: 0.01, 0.02, 0.05 Tasks: 1 total, 1 running, 0 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.2%us, 0.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 99.5%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 373572k total, 355780k used, 17792k free, 27880k buffers Swap: 786428k total, 0k used, 786428k free, 221776k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1 root 20 0 17208 1144 932 R 0 0.3 0:00.03 top ^C$ $ echo $? 0 $ docker ps -a | grep topdemo 7998ac8581f9 ubuntu:14.04 "/usr/bin/top -b" 38 seconds ago Exited (0) 21 seconds ago topdemo And in this second example, you can see the exit code returned by the `bash` process is returned by the `docker attach` command to its caller too: $ docker run --name test -d -it debian 275c44472aebd77c926d4527885bb09f2f6db21d878c75f0a1c212c03d3bcfab $ docker attach test $$ exit 13 exit $ echo $? 13 $ docker ps -a | grep test 275c44472aeb debian:7 "/bin/bash" 26 seconds ago Exited (13) 17 seconds ago test ## build Usage: docker build [OPTIONS] PATH | URL | - Build a new image from the source code at PATH -f, --file="" Name of the Dockerfile (Default is 'PATH/Dockerfile') --force-rm=false Always remove intermediate containers --no-cache=false Do not use cache when building the image --pull=false Always attempt to pull a newer version of the image -q, --quiet=false Suppress the verbose output generated by the containers --rm=true Remove intermediate containers after a successful build -t, --tag="" Repository name (and optionally a tag) for the image -m, --memory="" Memory limit for all build containers --memory-swap="" Total memory (memory + swap), `-1` to disable swap -c, --cpu-shares CPU Shares (relative weight) --cpuset-cpus="" CPUs in which to allow execution, e.g. `0-3`, `0,1` Builds Docker images from a Dockerfile and a "context". A build's context is the files located in the specified `PATH` or `URL`. The build process can refer to any of the files in the context. For example, your build can use an [*ADD*](/reference/builder/#add) instruction to reference a file in the context. The `URL` parameter can specify the location of a Git repository; in this case, the repository is the context. The Git repository is recursively cloned with its submodules. The system does a fresh `git clone -recursive` in a temporary directory on your local host. Then, this clone is sent to the Docker daemon as the context. Local clones give you the ability to access private repositories using local user credentials, VPN's, and so forth. Instead of specifying a context, you can pass a single Dockerfile in the `URL` or pipe the file in via `STDIN`. To pipe a Dockerfile from `STDIN`: docker build - < Dockerfile If you use STDIN or specify a `URL`, the system places the contents into a file called `Dockerfile`, and any `-f`, `--file` option is ignored. In this scenario, there is no context. ### Return code On a successful build, a return code of success `0` will be returned. When the build fails, a non-zero failure code will be returned. There should be informational output of the reason for failure output to `STDERR`: ``` $ docker build -t fail . Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048 kB Sending build context to Docker daemon Step 0 : FROM busybox ---> 4986bf8c1536 Step 1 : RUN exit 13 ---> Running in e26670ec7a0a INFO[0000] The command [/bin/sh -c exit 13] returned a non-zero code: 13 $ echo $? 1 ``` ### .dockerignore file If a file named `.dockerignore` exists in the root of `PATH` then it is interpreted as a newline-separated list of exclusion patterns. Exclusion patterns match files or directories relative to `PATH` that will be excluded from the context. Globbing is done using Go's [filepath.Match](http://golang.org/pkg/path/filepath#Match) rules. Please note that `.dockerignore` files in other subdirectories are considered as normal files. Filepaths in `.dockerignore` are absolute with the current directory as the root. Wildcards are allowed but the search is not recursive. #### Example .dockerignore file */temp* */*/temp* temp? The first line above `*/temp*`, would ignore all files with names starting with `temp` from any subdirectory below the root directory. For example, a file named `/somedir/temporary.txt` would be ignored. The second line `*/*/temp*`, will ignore files starting with name `temp` from any subdirectory that is two levels below the root directory. For example, the file `/somedir/subdir/temporary.txt` would get ignored in this case. The last line in the above example `temp?` will ignore the files that match the pattern from the root directory. For example, the files `tempa`, `tempb` are ignored from the root directory. Currently there is no support for regular expressions. Formats like `[^temp*]` are ignored. By default the `docker build` command will look for a `Dockerfile` at the root of the build context. The `-f`, `--file`, option lets you specify the path to an alternative file to use instead. This is useful in cases where the same set of files are used for multiple builds. The path must be to a file within the build context. If a relative path is specified then it must to be relative to the current directory. If the Docker client loses connection to the daemon, the build is canceled. This happens if you interrupt the Docker client with `ctrl-c` or if the Docker client is killed for any reason. > **Note:** Currently only the "run" phase of the build can be canceled until > pull cancelation is implemented). See also: [*Dockerfile Reference*](/reference/builder). #### Examples $ docker build . Uploading context 10240 bytes Step 1 : FROM busybox Pulling repository busybox ---> e9aa60c60128MB/2.284 MB (100%) endpoint: https://cdn-registry-1.docker.io/v1/ Step 2 : RUN ls -lh / ---> Running in 9c9e81692ae9 total 24 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Mar 12 2013 bin drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4.0K Oct 19 00:19 dev drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Oct 19 00:19 etc drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Nov 15 23:34 lib lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Mar 12 2013 lib64 -> lib dr-xr-xr-x 116 root root 0 Nov 15 23:34 proc lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Mar 12 2013 sbin -> bin dr-xr-xr-x 13 root root 0 Nov 15 23:34 sys drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Mar 12 2013 tmp drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Nov 15 23:34 usr ---> b35f4035db3f Step 3 : CMD echo Hello world ---> Running in 02071fceb21b ---> f52f38b7823e Successfully built f52f38b7823e Removing intermediate container 9c9e81692ae9 Removing intermediate container 02071fceb21b This example specifies that the `PATH` is `.`, and so all the files in the local directory get `tar`d and sent to the Docker daemon. The `PATH` specifies where to find the files for the "context" of the build on the Docker daemon. Remember that the daemon could be running on a remote machine and that no parsing of the Dockerfile happens at the client side (where you're running `docker build`). That means that *all* the files at `PATH` get sent, not just the ones listed to [*ADD*](/reference/builder/#add) in the Dockerfile. The transfer of context from the local machine to the Docker daemon is what the `docker` client means when you see the "Sending build context" message. If you wish to keep the intermediate containers after the build is complete, you must use `--rm=false`. This does not affect the build cache. $ docker build . Uploading context 18.829 MB Uploading context Step 0 : FROM busybox ---> 769b9341d937 Step 1 : CMD echo Hello world ---> Using cache ---> 99cc1ad10469 Successfully built 99cc1ad10469 $ echo ".git" > .dockerignore $ docker build . Uploading context 6.76 MB Uploading context Step 0 : FROM busybox ---> 769b9341d937 Step 1 : CMD echo Hello world ---> Using cache ---> 99cc1ad10469 Successfully built 99cc1ad10469 This example shows the use of the `.dockerignore` file to exclude the `.git` directory from the context. Its effect can be seen in the changed size of the uploaded context. $ docker build -t vieux/apache:2.0 . This will build like the previous example, but it will then tag the resulting image. The repository name will be `vieux/apache` and the tag will be `2.0` $ docker build - < Dockerfile This will read a Dockerfile from `STDIN` without context. Due to the lack of a context, no contents of any local directory will be sent to the Docker daemon. Since there is no context, a Dockerfile `ADD` only works if it refers to a remote URL. $ docker build - < context.tar.gz This will build an image for a compressed context read from `STDIN`. Supported formats are: bzip2, gzip and xz. $ docker build github.com/creack/docker-firefox This will clone the GitHub repository and use the cloned repository as context. The Dockerfile at the root of the repository is used as Dockerfile. Note that you can specify an arbitrary Git repository by using the `git://` or `git@` schema. $ docker build -f Dockerfile.debug . This will use a file called `Dockerfile.debug` for the build instructions instead of `Dockerfile`. $ docker build -f dockerfiles/Dockerfile.debug -t myapp_debug . $ docker build -f dockerfiles/Dockerfile.prod -t myapp_prod . The above commands will build the current build context (as specified by the `.`) twice, once using a debug version of a `Dockerfile` and once using a production version. $ cd /home/me/myapp/some/dir/really/deep $ docker build -f /home/me/myapp/dockerfiles/debug /home/me/myapp $ docker build -f ../../../../dockerfiles/debug /home/me/myapp These two `docker build` commands do the exact same thing. They both use the contents of the `debug` file instead of looking for a `Dockerfile` and will use `/home/me/myapp` as the root of the build context. Note that `debug` is in the directory structure of the build context, regardless of how you refer to it on the command line. > **Note:** `docker build` will return a `no such file or directory` error > if the file or directory does not exist in the uploaded context. This may > happen if there is no context, or if you specify a file that is elsewhere > on the Host system. The context is limited to the current directory (and its > children) for security reasons, and to ensure repeatable builds on remote > Docker hosts. This is also the reason why `ADD ../file` will not work. ## commit Usage: docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]] Create a new image from a container's changes -a, --author="" Author (e.g., "John Hannibal Smith ") -c, --change=[] Apply specified Dockerfile instructions while committing the image -m, --message="" Commit message -p, --pause=true Pause container during commit It can be useful to commit a container's file changes or settings into a new image. This allows you debug a container by running an interactive shell, or to export a working dataset to another server. Generally, it is better to use Dockerfiles to manage your images in a documented and maintainable way. By default, the container being committed and its processes will be paused while the image is committed. This reduces the likelihood of encountering data corruption during the process of creating the commit. If this behavior is undesired, set the 'p' option to false. The `--change` option will apply `Dockerfile` instructions to the image that is created. Supported `Dockerfile` instructions: `ADD`|`CMD`|`ENTRYPOINT`|`ENV`|`EXPOSE`|`FROM`|`MAINTAINER`|`RUN`|`USER`|`LABEL`|`VOLUME`|`WORKDIR`|`COPY` #### Commit a container $ docker ps ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS c3f279d17e0a ubuntu:12.04 /bin/bash 7 days ago Up 25 hours 197387f1b436 ubuntu:12.04 /bin/bash 7 days ago Up 25 hours $ docker commit c3f279d17e0a SvenDowideit/testimage:version3 f5283438590d $ docker images | head REPOSITORY TAG ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE SvenDowideit/testimage version3 f5283438590d 16 seconds ago 335.7 MB #### Commit a container with new configurations $ docker ps ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS c3f279d17e0a ubuntu:12.04 /bin/bash 7 days ago Up 25 hours 197387f1b436 ubuntu:12.04 /bin/bash 7 days ago Up 25 hours $ docker inspect -f "{{ .Config.Env }}" c3f279d17e0a [HOME=/ PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin] $ docker commit --change "ENV DEBUG true" c3f279d17e0a SvenDowideit/testimage:version3 f5283438590d $ docker inspect -f "{{ .Config.Env }}" f5283438590d [HOME=/ PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin DEBUG=true] ## cp Copy files or folders from a container's filesystem to the directory on the host. Use '-' to write the data as a tar file to `STDOUT`. `CONTAINER:PATH` is relative to the root of the container's filesystem. Usage: docker cp CONTAINER:PATH HOSTDIR|- Copy files/folders from the PATH to the HOSTDIR. ## create Creates a new container. Usage: docker create [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...] Create a new container -a, --attach=[] Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR --add-host=[] Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip) -c, --cpu-shares=0 CPU shares (relative weight) --cap-add=[] Add Linux capabilities --cap-drop=[] Drop Linux capabilities --cgroup-parent="" Optional parent cgroup for the container --cidfile="" Write the container ID to the file --cpuset-cpus="" CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1) --device=[] Add a host device to the container --dns=[] Set custom DNS servers --dns-search=[] Set custom DNS search domains -e, --env=[] Set environment variables --entrypoint="" Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image --env-file=[] Read in a file of environment variables --expose=[] Expose a port or a range of ports -h, --hostname="" Container host name -i, --interactive=false Keep STDIN open even if not attached --ipc="" IPC namespace to use -l, --label=[] Set metadata on the container (e.g., --label=com.example.key=value) --label-file=[] Read in a line delimited file of labels --link=[] Add link to another container --log-driver="" Logging driver for container --lxc-conf=[] Add custom lxc options -m, --memory="" Memory limit --mac-address="" Container MAC address (e.g. 92:d0:c6:0a:29:33) --name="" Assign a name to the container --net="bridge" Set the Network mode for the container -P, --publish-all=false Publish all exposed ports to random ports -p, --publish=[] Publish a container's port(s) to the host --privileged=false Give extended privileges to this container --read-only=false Mount the container's root filesystem as read only --restart="no" Restart policy (no, on-failure[:max-retry], always) --security-opt=[] Security options -t, --tty=false Allocate a pseudo-TTY -u, --user="" Username or UID -v, --volume=[] Bind mount a volume --volumes-from=[] Mount volumes from the specified container(s) -w, --workdir="" Working directory inside the container The `docker create` command creates a writeable container layer over the specified image and prepares it for running the specified command. The container ID is then printed to `STDOUT`. This is similar to `docker run -d` except the container is never started. You can then use the `docker start ` command to start the container at any point. This is useful when you want to set up a container configuration ahead of time so that it is ready to start when you need it. Please see the [run command](#run) section and the [Docker run reference]( /reference/run/) for more details. #### Examples $ docker create -t -i fedora bash 6d8af538ec541dd581ebc2a24153a28329acb5268abe5ef868c1f1a261221752 $ docker start -a -i 6d8af538ec5 bash-4.2# As of v1.4.0 container volumes are initialized during the `docker create` phase (i.e., `docker run` too). For example, this allows you to `create` the `data` volume container, and then use it from another container: $ docker create -v /data --name data ubuntu 240633dfbb98128fa77473d3d9018f6123b99c454b3251427ae190a7d951ad57 $ docker run --rm --volumes-from data ubuntu ls -la /data total 8 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 5 04:10 . drwxr-xr-x 48 root root 4096 Dec 5 04:11 .. Similarly, `create` a host directory bind mounted volume container, which can then be used from the subsequent container: $ docker create -v /home/docker:/docker --name docker ubuntu 9aa88c08f319cd1e4515c3c46b0de7cc9aa75e878357b1e96f91e2c773029f03 $ docker run --rm --volumes-from docker ubuntu ls -la /docker total 20 drwxr-sr-x 5 1000 staff 180 Dec 5 04:00 . drwxr-xr-x 48 root root 4096 Dec 5 04:13 .. -rw-rw-r-- 1 1000 staff 3833 Dec 5 04:01 .ash_history -rw-r--r-- 1 1000 staff 446 Nov 28 11:51 .ashrc -rw-r--r-- 1 1000 staff 25 Dec 5 04:00 .gitconfig drwxr-sr-x 3 1000 staff 60 Dec 1 03:28 .local -rw-r--r-- 1 1000 staff 920 Nov 28 11:51 .profile drwx--S--- 2 1000 staff 460 Dec 5 00:51 .ssh drwxr-xr-x 32 1000 staff 1140 Dec 5 04:01 docker ## diff List the changed files and directories in a container᾿s filesystem Usage: docker diff CONTAINER Inspect changes on a container's filesystem There are 3 events that are listed in the `diff`: 1. `A` - Add 2. `D` - Delete 3. `C` - Change For example: $ docker diff 7bb0e258aefe C /dev A /dev/kmsg C /etc A /etc/mtab A /go A /go/src A /go/src/github.com A /go/src/github.com/docker A /go/src/github.com/docker/docker A /go/src/github.com/docker/docker/.git .... ## events Usage: docker events [OPTIONS] Get real time events from the server -f, --filter=[] Filter output based on conditions provided --since="" Show all events created since timestamp --until="" Stream events until this timestamp Docker containers will report the following events: create, destroy, die, export, kill, oom, pause, restart, start, stop, unpause and Docker images will report: untag, delete #### Filtering The filtering flag (`-f` or `--filter`) format is of "key=value". If you would like to use multiple filters, pass multiple flags (e.g., `--filter "foo=bar" --filter "bif=baz"`) Using the same filter multiple times will be handled as a *OR*; for example `--filter container=588a23dac085 --filter container=a8f7720b8c22` will display events for container 588a23dac085 *OR* container a8f7720b8c22 Using multiple filters will be handled as a *AND*; for example `--filter container=588a23dac085 --filter event=start` will display events for container container 588a23dac085 *AND* the event type is *start* The currently supported filters are: * container * event * image #### Examples You'll need two shells for this example. **Shell 1: Listening for events:** $ docker events **Shell 2: Start and Stop containers:** $ docker start 4386fb97867d $ docker stop 4386fb97867d $ docker stop 7805c1d35632 **Shell 1: (Again .. now showing events):** 2014-05-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 4386fb97867d: (from ubuntu-1:14.04) start 2014-05-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 4386fb97867d: (from ubuntu-1:14.04) die 2014-05-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 4386fb97867d: (from ubuntu-1:14.04) stop 2014-05-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 7805c1d35632: (from redis:2.8) die 2014-05-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 7805c1d35632: (from redis:2.8) stop **Show events in the past from a specified time:** $ docker events --since 1378216169 2014-03-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 4386fb97867d: (from ubuntu-1:14.04) die 2014-05-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 4386fb97867d: (from ubuntu-1:14.04) stop 2014-05-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 7805c1d35632: (from redis:2.8) die 2014-03-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 7805c1d35632: (from redis:2.8) stop $ docker events --since '2013-09-03' 2014-09-03T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 4386fb97867d: (from ubuntu-1:14.04) start 2014-09-03T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 4386fb97867d: (from ubuntu-1:14.04) die 2014-05-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 4386fb97867d: (from ubuntu-1:14.04) stop 2014-05-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 7805c1d35632: (from redis:2.8) die 2014-09-03T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 7805c1d35632: (from redis:2.8) stop $ docker events --since '2013-09-03T15:49:29' 2014-09-03T15:49:29.999999999Z07:00 4386fb97867d: (from ubuntu-1:14.04) die 2014-05-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 4386fb97867d: (from ubuntu-1:14.04) stop 2014-05-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 7805c1d35632: (from redis:2.8) die 2014-09-03T15:49:29.999999999Z07:00 7805c1d35632: (from redis:2.8) stop **Filter events:** $ docker events --filter 'event=stop' 2014-05-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 4386fb97867d: (from ubuntu-1:14.04) stop 2014-09-03T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 7805c1d35632: (from redis:2.8) stop $ docker events --filter 'image=ubuntu-1:14.04' 2014-05-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 4386fb97867d: (from ubuntu-1:14.04) start 2014-05-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 4386fb97867d: (from ubuntu-1:14.04) die 2014-05-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 4386fb97867d: (from ubuntu-1:14.04) stop $ docker events --filter 'container=7805c1d35632' 2014-05-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 7805c1d35632: (from redis:2.8) die 2014-09-03T15:49:29.999999999Z07:00 7805c1d35632: (from redis:2.8) stop $ docker events --filter 'container=7805c1d35632' --filter 'container=4386fb97867d' 2014-09-03T15:49:29.999999999Z07:00 4386fb97867d: (from ubuntu-1:14.04) die 2014-05-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 4386fb97867d: (from ubuntu-1:14.04) stop 2014-05-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 7805c1d35632: (from redis:2.8) die 2014-09-03T15:49:29.999999999Z07:00 7805c1d35632: (from redis:2.8) stop $ docker events --filter 'container=7805c1d35632' --filter 'event=stop' 2014-09-03T15:49:29.999999999Z07:00 7805c1d35632: (from redis:2.8) stop $ docker events --filter 'container=container_1' --filter 'container=container_2' 2014-09-03T15:49:29.999999999Z07:00 4386fb97867d: (from ubuntu-1:14.04) die 2014-05-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 4386fb97867d: (from ubuntu-1:14.04) stop 2014-05-10T17:42:14.999999999Z07:00 7805c1d35632: (from redis:2.8) die 2014-09-03T15:49:29.999999999Z07:00 7805c1d35632: (from redis:2.8) stop ## exec Usage: docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...] Run a command in a running container -d, --detach=false Detached mode: run command in the background -i, --interactive=false Keep STDIN open even if not attached -t, --tty=false Allocate a pseudo-TTY The `docker exec` command runs a new command in a running container. The command started using `docker exec` only runs while the container's primary process (`PID 1`) is running, and it is not restarted if the container is restarted. If the container is paused, then the `docker exec` command will fail with an error: $ docker pause test test $ docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 1ae3b36715d2 ubuntu:latest "bash" 17 seconds ago Up 16 seconds (Paused) test $ docker exec test ls FATA[0000] Error response from daemon: Container test is paused, unpause the container before exec $ echo $? 1 #### Examples $ docker run --name ubuntu_bash --rm -i -t ubuntu bash This will create a container named `ubuntu_bash` and start a Bash session. $ docker exec -d ubuntu_bash touch /tmp/execWorks This will create a new file `/tmp/execWorks` inside the running container `ubuntu_bash`, in the background. $ docker exec -it ubuntu_bash bash This will create a new Bash session in the container `ubuntu_bash`. ## export Usage: docker export [OPTIONS] CONTAINER Export the contents of a filesystem to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default) -o, --output="" Write to a file, instead of STDOUT Produces a tarred repository to the standard output stream. For example: $ docker export red_panda > latest.tar Or $ docker export --output="latest.tar" red_panda > **Note:** > `docker export` does not export the contents of volumes associated with the > container. If a volume is mounted on top of an existing directory in the > container, `docker export` will export the contents of the *underlying* > directory, not the contents of the volume. > > Refer to [Backup, restore, or migrate data volumes](/userguide/dockervolumes/#backup-restore-or-migrate-data-volumes) > in the user guide for examples on exporting data in a volume. ## history Usage: docker history [OPTIONS] IMAGE Show the history of an image --no-trunc=false Don't truncate output -q, --quiet=false Only show numeric IDs To see how the `docker:latest` image was built: <<<<<<< HEAD $ docker history docker IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE 3e23a5875458790b7a806f95f7ec0d0b2a5c1659bfc899c89f939f6d5b8f7094 8 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV LC_ALL=C.UTF-8 0 B 8578938dd17054dce7993d21de79e96a037400e8d28e15e7290fea4f65128a36 8 days ago /bin/sh -c dpkg-reconfigure locales && locale-gen C.UTF-8 && /usr/sbin/update-locale LANG=C.UTF-8 1.245 MB be51b77efb42f67a5e96437b3e102f81e0a1399038f77bf28cea0ed23a65cf60 8 days ago /bin/sh -c apt-get update && apt-get install -y git libxml2-dev python build-essential make gcc python-dev locales python-pip 338.3 MB 4b137612be55ca69776c7f30c2d2dd0aa2e7d72059820abf3e25b629f887a084 6 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD jessie.tar.xz in / 121 MB 750d58736b4b6cc0f9a9abe8f258cef269e3e9dceced1146503522be9f985ada 6 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) MAINTAINER Tianon Gravi - mkimage-debootstrap.sh -t jessie.tar.xz jessie http://http.debian.net/debian 0 B 511136ea3c5a64f264b78b5433614aec563103b4d4702f3ba7d4d2698e22c158 9 months ago 0 B ======= $ sudo docker history docker IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT 3e23a5875458 8 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV LC_ALL=C.UTF-8 0 B 8578938dd170 8 days ago /bin/sh -c dpkg-reconfigure locales && loc 1.245 MB be51b77efb42 8 days ago /bin/sh -c apt-get update && apt-get install 338.3 MB 4b137612be55 6 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD jessie.tar.xz in / 121 MB 750d58736b4b 6 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) MAINTAINER Tianon Gravi >>>>>> Add comment column in docker history command output ## images Usage: docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY] List images -a, --all=false Show all images (default hides intermediate images) --digests=false Show digests -f, --filter=[] Filter output based on conditions provided --help=false Print usage --no-trunc=false Don't truncate output -q, --quiet=false Only show numeric IDs The default `docker images` will show all top level images, their repository and tags, and their virtual size. Docker images have intermediate layers that increase reusability, decrease disk usage, and speed up `docker build` by allowing each step to be cached. These intermediate layers are not shown by default. The `VIRTUAL SIZE` is the cumulative space taken up by the image and all its parent images. This is also the disk space used by the contents of the Tar file created when you `docker save` an image. An image will be listed more than once if it has multiple repository names or tags. This single image (identifiable by its matching `IMAGE ID`) uses up the `VIRTUAL SIZE` listed only once. #### Listing the most recently created images $ docker images | head REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE 77af4d6b9913 19 hours ago 1.089 GB committ latest b6fa739cedf5 19 hours ago 1.089 GB 78a85c484f71 19 hours ago 1.089 GB docker latest 30557a29d5ab 20 hours ago 1.089 GB 5ed6274db6ce 24 hours ago 1.089 GB postgres 9 746b819f315e 4 days ago 213.4 MB postgres 9.3 746b819f315e 4 days ago 213.4 MB postgres 9.3.5 746b819f315e 4 days ago 213.4 MB postgres latest 746b819f315e 4 days ago 213.4 MB #### Listing the full length image IDs $ docker images --no-trunc | head REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE 77af4d6b9913e693e8d0b4b294fa62ade6054e6b2f1ffb617ac955dd63fb0182 19 hours ago 1.089 GB committest latest b6fa739cedf5ea12a620a439402b6004d057da800f91c7524b5086a5e4749c9f 19 hours ago 1.089 GB 78a85c484f71509adeaace20e72e941f6bdd2b25b4c75da8693efd9f61a37921 19 hours ago 1.089 GB docker latest 30557a29d5abc51e5f1d5b472e79b7e296f595abcf19fe6b9199dbbc809c6ff4 20 hours ago 1.089 GB 0124422dd9f9cf7ef15c0617cda3931ee68346455441d66ab8bdc5b05e9fdce5 20 hours ago 1.089 GB 18ad6fad340262ac2a636efd98a6d1f0ea775ae3d45240d3418466495a19a81b 22 hours ago 1.082 GB f9f1e26352f0a3ba6a0ff68167559f64f3e21ff7ada60366e2d44a04befd1d3a 23 hours ago 1.089 GB tryout latest 2629d1fa0b81b222fca63371ca16cbf6a0772d07759ff80e8d1369b926940074 23 hours ago 131.5 MB 5ed6274db6ceb2397844896966ea239290555e74ef307030ebb01ff91b1914df 24 hours ago 1.089 GB #### Listing image digests Images that use the v2 or later format have a content-addressable identifier called a `digest`. As long as the input used to generate the image is unchanged, the digest value is predictable. To list image digest values, use the `--digests` flag: $ docker images --digests | head REPOSITORY TAG DIGEST IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE localhost:5000/test/busybox sha256:cbbf2f9a99b47fc460d422812b6a5adff7dfee951d8fa2e4a98caa0382cfbdbf 4986bf8c1536 9 weeks ago 2.43 MB When pushing or pulling to a 2.0 registry, the `push` or `pull` command output includes the image digest. You can `pull` using a digest value. You can also reference by digest in `create`, `run`, and `rmi` commands, as well as the `FROM` image reference in a Dockerfile. #### Filtering The filtering flag (`-f` or `--filter`) format is of "key=value". If there is more than one filter, then pass multiple flags (e.g., `--filter "foo=bar" --filter "bif=baz"`) The currently supported filters are: * dangling (boolean - true or false) * label (`label=` or `label==`) ##### Untagged images $ docker images --filter "dangling=true" REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE 8abc22fbb042 4 weeks ago 0 B 48e5f45168b9 4 weeks ago 2.489 MB bf747efa0e2f 4 weeks ago 0 B 980fe10e5736 12 weeks ago 101.4 MB dea752e4e117 12 weeks ago 101.4 MB 511136ea3c5a 8 months ago 0 B This will display untagged images, that are the leaves of the images tree (not intermediary layers). These images occur when a new build of an image takes the `repo:tag` away from the image ID, leaving it untagged. A warning will be issued if trying to remove an image when a container is presently using it. By having this flag it allows for batch cleanup. Ready for use by `docker rmi ...`, like: $ docker rmi $(docker images -f "dangling=true" -q) 8abc22fbb042 48e5f45168b9 bf747efa0e2f 980fe10e5736 dea752e4e117 511136ea3c5a NOTE: Docker will warn you if any containers exist that are using these untagged images. ## import Usage: docker import URL|- [REPOSITORY[:TAG]] Create an empty filesystem image and import the contents of the tarball (.tar, .tar.gz, .tgz, .bzip, .tar.xz, .txz) into it, then optionally tag it. -c, --change=[] Apply specified Dockerfile instructions while importing the image URLs must start with `http` and point to a single file archive (.tar, .tar.gz, .tgz, .bzip, .tar.xz, or .txz) containing a root filesystem. If you would like to import from a local directory or archive, you can use the `-` parameter to take the data from `STDIN`. The `--change` option will apply `Dockerfile` instructions to the image that is created. Supported `Dockerfile` instructions: `CMD`, `ENTRYPOINT`, `ENV`, `EXPOSE`, `ONBUILD`, `USER`, `VOLUME`, `WORKDIR` #### Examples **Import from a remote location:** This will create a new untagged image. $ docker import http://example.com/exampleimage.tgz **Import from a local file:** Import to docker via pipe and `STDIN`. $ cat exampleimage.tgz | docker import - exampleimagelocal:new **Import from a local directory:** $ sudo tar -c . | docker import - exampleimagedir **Import from a local directory with new configurations:** $ sudo tar -c . | docker import --change "ENV DEBUG true" - exampleimagedir Note the `sudo` in this example – you must preserve the ownership of the files (especially root ownership) during the archiving with tar. If you are not root (or the sudo command) when you tar, then the ownerships might not get preserved. ## info Usage: docker info Display system-wide information For example: $ docker -D info Containers: 14 Images: 52 Storage Driver: aufs Root Dir: /var/lib/docker/aufs Backing Filesystem: extfs Dirs: 545 Execution Driver: native-0.2 Logging Driver: json-file Kernel Version: 3.13.0-24-generic Operating System: Ubuntu 14.04 LTS CPUs: 1 Name: prod-server-42 ID: 7TRN:IPZB:QYBB:VPBQ:UMPP:KARE:6ZNR:XE6T:7EWV:PKF4:ZOJD:TPYS Total Memory: 2 GiB Debug mode (server): false Debug mode (client): true File Descriptors: 10 Goroutines: 9 System Time: Tue Mar 10 18:38:57 UTC 2015 EventsListeners: 0 Init Path: /usr/bin/docker Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker Http Proxy: http://test:test@localhost:8080 Https Proxy: https://test:test@localhost:8080 No Proxy: 9.81.1.160 Username: svendowideit Registry: [https://index.docker.io/v1/] Labels: storage=ssd The global `-D` option tells all `docker` commands to output debug information. When sending issue reports, please use `docker version` and `docker -D info` to ensure we know how your setup is configured. ## inspect Usage: docker inspect [OPTIONS] CONTAINER|IMAGE [CONTAINER|IMAGE...] Return low-level information on a container or image -f, --format="" Format the output using the given go template By default, this will render all results in a JSON array. If a format is specified, the given template will be executed for each result. Go's [text/template](http://golang.org/pkg/text/template/) package describes all the details of the format. #### Examples **Get an instance's IP address:** For the most part, you can pick out any field from the JSON in a fairly straightforward manner. $ docker inspect --format='{{.NetworkSettings.IPAddress}}' $INSTANCE_ID **Get an instance's MAC Address:** For the most part, you can pick out any field from the JSON in a fairly straightforward manner. $ docker inspect --format='{{.NetworkSettings.MacAddress}}' $INSTANCE_ID **Get an instance's log path:** $ docker inspect --format='{{.LogPath}}' $INSTANCE_ID **List All Port Bindings:** One can loop over arrays and maps in the results to produce simple text output: $ docker inspect --format='{{range $p, $conf := .NetworkSettings.Ports}} {{$p}} -> {{(index $conf 0).HostPort}} {{end}}' $INSTANCE_ID **Find a Specific Port Mapping:** The `.Field` syntax doesn't work when the field name begins with a number, but the template language's `index` function does. The `.NetworkSettings.Ports` section contains a map of the internal port mappings to a list of external address/port objects, so to grab just the numeric public port, you use `index` to find the specific port map, and then `index` 0 contains the first object inside of that. Then we ask for the `HostPort` field to get the public address. $ docker inspect --format='{{(index (index .NetworkSettings.Ports "8787/tcp") 0).HostPort}}' $INSTANCE_ID **Get config:** The `.Field` syntax doesn't work when the field contains JSON data, but the template language's custom `json` function does. The `.config` section contains complex JSON object, so to grab it as JSON, you use `json` to convert the configuration object into JSON. $ docker inspect --format='{{json .config}}' $INSTANCE_ID ## kill Usage: docker kill [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...] Kill a running container using SIGKILL or a specified signal -s, --signal="KILL" Signal to send to the container The main process inside the container will be sent `SIGKILL`, or any signal specified with option `--signal`. ## load Usage: docker load [OPTIONS] Load an image from a tar archive on STDIN -i, --input="" Read from a tar archive file, instead of STDIN Loads a tarred repository from a file or the standard input stream. Restores both images and tags. $ docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE $ docker load < busybox.tar $ docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE busybox latest 769b9341d937 7 weeks ago 2.489 MB $ docker load --input fedora.tar $ docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE busybox latest 769b9341d937 7 weeks ago 2.489 MB fedora rawhide 0d20aec6529d 7 weeks ago 387 MB fedora 20 58394af37342 7 weeks ago 385.5 MB fedora heisenbug 58394af37342 7 weeks ago 385.5 MB fedora latest 58394af37342 7 weeks ago 385.5 MB ## login Usage: docker login [OPTIONS] [SERVER] Register or log in to a Docker registry server, if no server is specified "https://index.docker.io/v1/" is the default. -e, --email="" Email -p, --password="" Password -u, --username="" Username If you want to login to a self-hosted registry you can specify this by adding the server name. example: $ docker login localhost:8080 ## logout Usage: docker logout [SERVER] Log out from a Docker registry, if no server is specified "https://index.docker.io/v1/" is the default. For example: $ docker logout localhost:8080 ## logs Usage: docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER Fetch the logs of a container -f, --follow=false Follow log output -t, --timestamps=false Show timestamps --tail="all" Number of lines to show from the end of the logs NOTE: this command is available only for containers with `json-file` logging driver. The `docker logs` command batch-retrieves logs present at the time of execution. The `docker logs --follow` command will continue streaming the new output from the container's `STDOUT` and `STDERR`. Passing a negative number or a non-integer to `--tail` is invalid and the value is set to `all` in that case. This behavior may change in the future. The `docker logs --timestamp` commands will add an RFC3339Nano timestamp, for example `2014-09-16T06:17:46.000000000Z`, to each log entry. To ensure that the timestamps for are aligned the nano-second part of the timestamp will be padded with zero when necessary. ## pause Usage: docker pause CONTAINER [CONTAINER...] Pause all processes within a container The `docker pause` command uses the cgroups freezer to suspend all processes in a container. Traditionally, when suspending a process the `SIGSTOP` signal is used, which is observable by the process being suspended. With the cgroups freezer the process is unaware, and unable to capture, that it is being suspended, and subsequently resumed. See the [cgroups freezer documentation](https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/freezer-subsystem.txt) for further details. ## port Usage: docker port CONTAINER [PRIVATE_PORT[/PROTO]] List port mappings for the CONTAINER, or lookup the public-facing port that is NAT-ed to the PRIVATE_PORT You can find out all the ports mapped by not specifying a `PRIVATE_PORT`, or just a specific mapping: $ docker ps test CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES b650456536c7 busybox:latest top 54 minutes ago Up 54 minutes 0.0.0.0:1234->9876/tcp, 0.0.0.0:4321->7890/tcp test $ docker port test 7890/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:4321 9876/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:1234 $ docker port test 7890/tcp 0.0.0.0:4321 $ docker port test 7890/udp 2014/06/24 11:53:36 Error: No public port '7890/udp' published for test $ docker port test 7890 0.0.0.0:4321 ## ps Usage: docker ps [OPTIONS] List containers -a, --all=false Show all containers (default shows just running) --before="" Show only container created before Id or Name -f, --filter=[] Filter output based on conditions provided -l, --latest=false Show the latest created container, include non-running -n=-1 Show n last created containers, include non-running --no-trunc=false Don't truncate output -q, --quiet=false Only display numeric IDs -s, --size=false Display total file sizes --since="" Show created since Id or Name, include non-running Running `docker ps --no-trunc` showing 2 linked containers. $ docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 4c01db0b339c ubuntu:12.04 bash 17 seconds ago Up 16 seconds 3300-3310/tcp webapp d7886598dbe2 crosbymichael/redis:latest /redis-server --dir 33 minutes ago Up 33 minutes 6379/tcp redis,webapp/db `docker ps` will show only running containers by default. To see all containers: `docker ps -a` `docker ps` will group exposed ports into a single range if possible. E.g., a container that exposes TCP ports `100, 101, 102` will display `100-102/tcp` in the `PORTS` column. #### Filtering The filtering flag (`-f` or `--filter)` format is a `key=value` pair. If there is more than one filter, then pass multiple flags (e.g. `--filter "foo=bar" --filter "bif=baz"`) The currently supported filters are: * id (container's id) * label (`label=` or `label==`) * name (container's name) * exited (int - the code of exited containers. Only useful with `--all`) * status (restarting|running|paused|exited) ##### Successfully exited containers $ docker ps -a --filter 'exited=0' CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES ea09c3c82f6e registry:latest /srv/run.sh 2 weeks ago Exited (0) 2 weeks ago 127.0.0.1:5000->5000/tcp desperate_leakey 106ea823fe4e fedora:latest /bin/sh -c 'bash -l' 2 weeks ago Exited (0) 2 weeks ago determined_albattani 48ee228c9464 fedora:20 bash 2 weeks ago Exited (0) 2 weeks ago tender_torvalds This shows all the containers that have exited with status of '0' ## pull Usage: docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG] | [REGISTRY_HOST[:REGISTRY_PORT]/]NAME[:TAG] Pull an image or a repository from the registry -a, --all-tags=false Download all tagged images in the repository Most of your images will be created on top of a base image from the [Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com) registry. [Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com) contains many pre-built images that you can `pull` and try without needing to define and configure your own. It is also possible to manually specify the path of a registry to pull from. For example, if you have set up a local registry, you can specify its path to pull from it. A repository path is similar to a URL, but does not contain a protocol specifier (`https://`, for example). To download a particular image, or set of images (i.e., a repository), use `docker pull`: $ docker pull debian # will pull the debian:latest image and its intermediate layers $ docker pull debian:testing # will pull the image named debian:testing and any intermediate # layers it is based on. $ docker pull debian@sha256:cbbf2f9a99b47fc460d422812b6a5adff7dfee951d8fa2e4a98caa0382cfbdbf # will pull the image from the debian repository with the digest # sha256:cbbf2f9a99b47fc460d422812b6a5adff7dfee951d8fa2e4a98caa0382cfbdbf # and any intermediate layers it is based on. # (Typically the empty `scratch` image, a MAINTAINER layer, # and the un-tarred base). $ docker pull --all-tags centos # will pull all the images from the centos repository $ docker pull registry.hub.docker.com/debian # manually specifies the path to the default Docker registry. This could # be replaced with the path to a local registry to pull from another source. # sudo docker pull myhub.com:8080/test-image ## push Usage: docker push NAME[:TAG] Push an image or a repository to the registry Use `docker push` to share your images to the [Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com) registry or to a self-hosted one. ## rename Usage: docker rename OLD_NAME NEW_NAME rename a existing container to a NEW_NAME The `docker rename` command allows the container to be renamed to a different name. ## restart Usage: docker restart [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...] Restart a running container -t, --time=10 Seconds to wait for stop before killing the container ## rm Usage: docker rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...] Remove one or more containers -f, --force=false Force the removal of a running container (uses SIGKILL) -l, --link=false Remove the specified link -v, --volumes=false Remove the volumes associated with the container #### Examples $ docker rm /redis /redis This will remove the container referenced under the link `/redis`. $ docker rm --link /webapp/redis /webapp/redis This will remove the underlying link between `/webapp` and the `/redis` containers removing all network communication. $ docker rm --force redis redis The main process inside the container referenced under the link `/redis` will receive `SIGKILL`, then the container will be removed. $ docker rm $(docker ps -a -q) This command will delete all stopped containers. The command `docker ps -a -q` will return all existing container IDs and pass them to the `rm` command which will delete them. Any running containers will not be deleted. ## rmi Usage: docker rmi [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...] Remove one or more images -f, --force=false Force removal of the image --no-prune=false Do not delete untagged parents #### Removing tagged images You can remove an image using its short or long ID, its tag, or its digest. If an image has one or more tag or digest reference, you must remove all of them before the image is removed. $ docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE test1 latest fd484f19954f 23 seconds ago 7 B (virtual 4.964 MB) test latest fd484f19954f 23 seconds ago 7 B (virtual 4.964 MB) test2 latest fd484f19954f 23 seconds ago 7 B (virtual 4.964 MB) $ docker rmi fd484f19954f Error: Conflict, cannot delete image fd484f19954f because it is tagged in multiple repositories, use -f to force 2013/12/11 05:47:16 Error: failed to remove one or more images $ docker rmi test1 Untagged: test1:latest $ docker rmi test2 Untagged: test2:latest $ docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE test latest fd484f19954f 23 seconds ago 7 B (virtual 4.964 MB) $ docker rmi test Untagged: test:latest Deleted: fd484f19954f4920da7ff372b5067f5b7ddb2fd3830cecd17b96ea9e286ba5b8 An image pulled by digest has no tag associated with it: $ docker images --digests REPOSITORY TAG DIGEST IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE localhost:5000/test/busybox sha256:cbbf2f9a99b47fc460d422812b6a5adff7dfee951d8fa2e4a98caa0382cfbdbf 4986bf8c1536 9 weeks ago 2.43 MB To remove an image using its digest: $ docker rmi localhost:5000/test/busybox@sha256:cbbf2f9a99b47fc460d422812b6a5adff7dfee951d8fa2e4a98caa0382cfbdbf Untagged: localhost:5000/test/busybox@sha256:cbbf2f9a99b47fc460d422812b6a5adff7dfee951d8fa2e4a98caa0382cfbdbf Deleted: 4986bf8c15363d1c5d15512d5266f8777bfba4974ac56e3270e7760f6f0a8125 Deleted: ea13149945cb6b1e746bf28032f02e9b5a793523481a0a18645fc77ad53c4ea2 Deleted: df7546f9f060a2268024c8a230d8639878585defcc1bc6f79d2728a13957871b ## run Usage: docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...] Run a command in a new container -a, --attach=[] Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR --add-host=[] Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip) -c, --cpu-shares=0 CPU shares (relative weight) --cap-add=[] Add Linux capabilities --cap-drop=[] Drop Linux capabilities --cidfile="" Write the container ID to the file --cpuset-cpus="" CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1) -d, --detach=false Run container in background and print container ID --device=[] Add a host device to the container --dns=[] Set custom DNS servers --dns-search=[] Set custom DNS search domains -e, --env=[] Set environment variables --entrypoint="" Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image --env-file=[] Read in a file of environment variables --expose=[] Expose a port or a range of ports -h, --hostname="" Container host name --help=false Print usage -i, --interactive=false Keep STDIN open even if not attached --ipc="" IPC namespace to use --link=[] Add link to another container --log-driver="" Logging driver for container --lxc-conf=[] Add custom lxc options -m, --memory="" Memory limit -l, --label=[] Set metadata on the container (e.g., --label=com.example.key=value) --label-file=[] Read in a file of labels (EOL delimited) --mac-address="" Container MAC address (e.g. 92:d0:c6:0a:29:33) --memory-swap="" Total memory (memory + swap), '-1' to disable swap --name="" Assign a name to the container --net="bridge" Set the Network mode for the container -P, --publish-all=false Publish all exposed ports to random ports -p, --publish=[] Publish a container's port(s) to the host --pid="" PID namespace to use --privileged=false Give extended privileges to this container --read-only=false Mount the container's root filesystem as read only --restart="no" Restart policy (no, on-failure[:max-retry], always) --rm=false Automatically remove the container when it exits --security-opt=[] Security Options --sig-proxy=true Proxy received signals to the process -t, --tty=false Allocate a pseudo-TTY -u, --user="" Username or UID (format: [:]) -v, --volume=[] Bind mount a volume --volumes-from=[] Mount volumes from the specified container(s) -w, --workdir="" Working directory inside the container The `docker run` command first `creates` a writeable container layer over the specified image, and then `starts` it using the specified command. That is, `docker run` is equivalent to the API `/containers/create` then `/containers/(id)/start`. A stopped container can be restarted with all its previous changes intact using `docker start`. See `docker ps -a` to view a list of all containers. There is detailed information about `docker run` in the [Docker run reference]( /reference/run/). The `docker run` command can be used in combination with `docker commit` to [*change the command that a container runs*](#commit-an-existing-container). See the [Docker User Guide](/userguide/dockerlinks/) for more detailed information about the `--expose`, `-p`, `-P` and `--link` parameters, and linking containers. #### Examples $ docker run --name test -it debian $$ exit 13 exit $ echo $? 13 $ docker ps -a | grep test 275c44472aeb debian:7 "/bin/bash" 26 seconds ago Exited (13) 17 seconds ago test In this example, we are running `bash` interactively in the `debian:latest` image, and giving the container the name `test`. We then quit `bash` by running `exit 13`, which means `bash` will have an exit code of `13`. This is then passed on to the caller of `docker run`, and is recorded in the `test` container metadata. $ docker run --cidfile /tmp/docker_test.cid ubuntu echo "test" This will create a container and print `test` to the console. The `cidfile` flag makes Docker attempt to create a new file and write the container ID to it. If the file exists already, Docker will return an error. Docker will close this file when `docker run` exits. $ docker run -t -i --rm ubuntu bash root@bc338942ef20:/# mount -t tmpfs none /mnt mount: permission denied This will *not* work, because by default, most potentially dangerous kernel capabilities are dropped; including `cap_sys_admin` (which is required to mount filesystems). However, the `--privileged` flag will allow it to run: $ docker run --privileged ubuntu bash root@50e3f57e16e6:/# mount -t tmpfs none /mnt root@50e3f57e16e6:/# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on none 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /mnt The `--privileged` flag gives *all* capabilities to the container, and it also lifts all the limitations enforced by the `device` cgroup controller. In other words, the container can then do almost everything that the host can do. This flag exists to allow special use-cases, like running Docker within Docker. $ docker run -w /path/to/dir/ -i -t ubuntu pwd The `-w` lets the command being executed inside directory given, here `/path/to/dir/`. If the path does not exists it is created inside the container. $ docker run -v `pwd`:`pwd` -w `pwd` -i -t ubuntu pwd The `-v` flag mounts the current working directory into the container. The `-w` lets the command being executed inside the current working directory, by changing into the directory to the value returned by `pwd`. So this combination executes the command using the container, but inside the current working directory. $ docker run -v /doesnt/exist:/foo -w /foo -i -t ubuntu bash When the host directory of a bind-mounted volume doesn't exist, Docker will automatically create this directory on the host for you. In the example above, Docker will create the `/doesnt/exist` folder before starting your container. $ docker run --read-only -v /icanwrite busybox touch /icanwrite here Volumes can be used in combination with `--read-only` to control where a container writes files. The `--read-only` flag mounts the container's root filesystem as read only prohibiting writes to locations other than the specified volumes for the container. $ docker run -t -i -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock -v ./static-docker:/usr/bin/docker busybox sh By bind-mounting the docker unix socket and statically linked docker binary (such as that provided by [https://get.docker.com]( https://get.docker.com)), you give the container the full access to create and manipulate the host's Docker daemon. $ docker run -p 127.0.0.1:80:8080 ubuntu bash This binds port `8080` of the container to port `80` on `127.0.0.1` of the host machine. The [Docker User Guide](/userguide/dockerlinks/) explains in detail how to manipulate ports in Docker. $ docker run --expose 80 ubuntu bash This exposes port `80` of the container for use within a link without publishing the port to the host system's interfaces. The [Docker User Guide](/userguide/dockerlinks) explains in detail how to manipulate ports in Docker. $ docker run -e MYVAR1 --env MYVAR2=foo --env-file ./env.list ubuntu bash This sets environmental variables in the container. For illustration all three flags are shown here. Where `-e`, `--env` take an environment variable and value, or if no `=` is provided, then that variable's current value is passed through (i.e. `$MYVAR1` from the host is set to `$MYVAR1` in the container). When no `=` is provided and that variable is not defined in the client's environment then that variable will be removed from the container's list of environment variables. All three flags, `-e`, `--env` and `--env-file` can be repeated. Regardless of the order of these three flags, the `--env-file` are processed first, and then `-e`, `--env` flags. This way, the `-e` or `--env` will override variables as needed. $ cat ./env.list TEST_FOO=BAR $ docker run --env TEST_FOO="This is a test" --env-file ./env.list busybox env | grep TEST_FOO TEST_FOO=This is a test The `--env-file` flag takes a filename as an argument and expects each line to be in the `VAR=VAL` format, mimicking the argument passed to `--env`. Comment lines need only be prefixed with `#` An example of a file passed with `--env-file` $ cat ./env.list TEST_FOO=BAR # this is a comment TEST_APP_DEST_HOST=10.10.0.127 TEST_APP_DEST_PORT=8888 # pass through this variable from the caller TEST_PASSTHROUGH $ sudo TEST_PASSTHROUGH=howdy docker run --env-file ./env.list busybox env HOME=/ PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin HOSTNAME=5198e0745561 TEST_FOO=BAR TEST_APP_DEST_HOST=10.10.0.127 TEST_APP_DEST_PORT=8888 TEST_PASSTHROUGH=howdy $ docker run --name console -t -i ubuntu bash A label is a a `key=value` pair that applies metadata to a container. To label a container with two labels: $ docker run -l my-label --label com.example.foo=bar ubuntu bash The `my-label` key doesn't specify a value so the label defaults to an empty string(`""`). To add multiple labels, repeat the label flag (`-l` or `--label`). The `key=value` must be unique to avoid overwriting the label value. If you specify labels with identical keys but different values, each subsequent value overwrites the previous. Docker uses the last `key=value` you supply. Use the `--label-file` flag to load multiple labels from a file. Delimit each label in the file with an EOL mark. The example below loads labels from a labels file in the current directory: $ docker run --label-file ./labels ubuntu bash The label-file format is similar to the format for loading environment variables. (Unlike environment variables, labels are not visible to processes running inside a container.) The following example illustrates a label-file format: com.example.label1="a label" # this is a comment com.example.label2=another\ label com.example.label3 You can load multiple label-files by supplying multiple `--label-file` flags. For additional information on working with labels, see [*Labels - custom metadata in Docker*](/userguide/labels-custom-metadata/) in the Docker User Guide. $ docker run --link /redis:redis --name console ubuntu bash The `--link` flag will link the container named `/redis` into the newly created container with the alias `redis`. The new container can access the network and environment of the `redis` container via environment variables. The `--name` flag will assign the name `console` to the newly created container. $ docker run --volumes-from 777f7dc92da7 --volumes-from ba8c0c54f0f2:ro -i -t ubuntu pwd The `--volumes-from` flag mounts all the defined volumes from the referenced containers. Containers can be specified by repetitions of the `--volumes-from` argument. The container ID may be optionally suffixed with `:ro` or `:rw` to mount the volumes in read-only or read-write mode, respectively. By default, the volumes are mounted in the same mode (read write or read only) as the reference container. The `-a` flag tells `docker run` to bind to the container's `STDIN`, `STDOUT` or `STDERR`. This makes it possible to manipulate the output and input as needed. $ echo "test" | docker run -i -a stdin ubuntu cat - This pipes data into a container and prints the container's ID by attaching only to the container's `STDIN`. $ docker run -a stderr ubuntu echo test This isn't going to print anything unless there's an error because we've only attached to the `STDERR` of the container. The container's logs still store what's been written to `STDERR` and `STDOUT`. $ cat somefile | docker run -i -a stdin mybuilder dobuild This is how piping a file into a container could be done for a build. The container's ID will be printed after the build is done and the build logs could be retrieved using `docker logs`. This is useful if you need to pipe a file or something else into a container and retrieve the container's ID once the container has finished running. $ docker run --device=/dev/sdc:/dev/xvdc --device=/dev/sdd --device=/dev/zero:/dev/nulo -i -t ubuntu ls -l /dev/{xvdc,sdd,nulo} brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 2 Feb 9 16:05 /dev/xvdc brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 3 Feb 9 16:05 /dev/sdd crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 1, 5 Feb 9 16:05 /dev/nulo It is often necessary to directly expose devices to a container. The `--device` option enables that. For example, a specific block storage device or loop device or audio device can be added to an otherwise unprivileged container (without the `--privileged` flag) and have the application directly access it. By default, the container will be able to `read`, `write` and `mknod` these devices. This can be overridden using a third `:rwm` set of options to each `--device` flag: ``` $ docker run --device=/dev/sda:/dev/xvdc --rm -it ubuntu fdisk /dev/xvdc Command (m for help): q $ docker run --device=/dev/sda:/dev/xvdc:r --rm -it ubuntu fdisk /dev/xvdc You will not be able to write the partition table. Command (m for help): q $ docker run --device=/dev/sda:/dev/xvdc --rm -it ubuntu fdisk /dev/xvdc Command (m for help): q $ docker run --device=/dev/sda:/dev/xvdc:m --rm -it ubuntu fdisk /dev/xvdc fdisk: unable to open /dev/xvdc: Operation not permitted ``` > **Note:** > `--device` cannot be safely used with ephemeral devices. Block devices that > may be removed should not be added to untrusted containers with `--device`. **A complete example:** $ docker run -d --name static static-web-files sh $ docker run -d --expose=8098 --name riak riakserver $ docker run -d -m 100m -e DEVELOPMENT=1 -e BRANCH=example-code -v $(pwd):/app/bin:ro --name app appserver $ docker run -d -p 1443:443 --dns=10.0.0.1 --dns-search=dev.org -v /var/log/httpd --volumes-from static --link riak --link app -h www.sven.dev.org --name web webserver $ docker run -t -i --rm --volumes-from web -w /var/log/httpd busybox tail -f access.log This example shows five containers that might be set up to test a web application change: 1. Start a pre-prepared volume image `static-web-files` (in the background) that has CSS, image and static HTML in it, (with a `VOLUME` instruction in the Dockerfile to allow the web server to use those files); 2. Start a pre-prepared `riakserver` image, give the container name `riak` and expose port `8098` to any containers that link to it; 3. Start the `appserver` image, restricting its memory usage to 100MB, setting two environment variables `DEVELOPMENT` and `BRANCH` and bind-mounting the current directory (`$(pwd)`) in the container in read-only mode as `/app/bin`; 4. Start the `webserver`, mapping port `443` in the container to port `1443` on the Docker server, setting the DNS server to `10.0.0.1` and DNS search domain to `dev.org`, creating a volume to put the log files into (so we can access it from another container), then importing the files from the volume exposed by the `static` container, and linking to all exposed ports from `riak` and `app`. Lastly, we set the hostname to `web.sven.dev.org` so its consistent with the pre-generated SSL certificate; 5. Finally, we create a container that runs `tail -f access.log` using the logs volume from the `web` container, setting the workdir to `/var/log/httpd`. The `--rm` option means that when the container exits, the container's layer is removed. #### Restart Policies Use Docker's `--restart` to specify a container's *restart policy*. A restart policy controls whether the Docker daemon restarts a container after exit. Docker supports the following restart policies:
Policy Result
no Do not automatically restart the container when it exits. This is the default.
on-failure[:max-retries] Restart only if the container exits with a non-zero exit status. Optionally, limit the number of restart retries the Docker daemon attempts.
always Always restart the container regardless of the exit status. When you specify always, the Docker daemon will try to restart the container indefinitely.
$ docker run --restart=always redis This will run the `redis` container with a restart policy of **always** so that if the container exits, Docker will restart it. More detailed information on restart policies can be found in the [Restart Policies (--restart)](/reference/run/#restart-policies-restart) section of the Docker run reference page. ### Adding entries to a container hosts file You can add other hosts into a container's `/etc/hosts` file by using one or more `--add-host` flags. This example adds a static address for a host named `docker`: ``` $ docker run --add-host=docker:10.180.0.1 --rm -it debian $$ ping docker PING docker (10.180.0.1): 48 data bytes 56 bytes from 10.180.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=254 time=7.600 ms 56 bytes from 10.180.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=254 time=30.705 ms ^C--- docker ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 7.600/19.152/30.705/11.553 ms ``` Sometimes you need to connect to the Docker host from within your container. To enable this, pass the Docker host's IP address to the container using the `--add-host` flag. To find the host's address, use the `ip addr show` command. The flags you pass to `ip addr show` depend on whether you are using IPv4 or IPv6 networking in your containers. Use the following flags for IPv4 address retrieval for a network device named `eth0`: $ HOSTIP=`ip -4 addr show scope global dev eth0 | grep inet | awk '{print \$2}' | cut -d / -f 1` $ docker run --add-host=docker:${HOSTIP} --rm -it debian For IPv6 use the `-6` flag instead of the `-4` flag. For other network devices, replace `eth0` with the correct device name (for example `docker0` for the bridge device). ### Setting ulimits in a container Since setting `ulimit` settings in a container requires extra privileges not available in the default container, you can set these using the `--ulimit` flag. `--ulimit` is specified with a soft and hard limit as such: `=[:]`, for example: ``` $ docker run --ulimit nofile=1024:1024 --rm debian ulimit -n 1024 ``` >**Note:** > If you do not provide a `hard limit`, the `soft limit` will be used for both values. If no `ulimits` are set, they will be inherited from the default `ulimits` set on the daemon. > `as` option is disabled now. In other words, the following script is not supported: > `$ docker run -it --ulimit as=1024 fedora /bin/bash` ## save Usage: docker save [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...] Save an image(s) to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default) -o, --output="" Write to a file, instead of STDOUT Produces a tarred repository to the standard output stream. Contains all parent layers, and all tags + versions, or specified `repo:tag`, for each argument provided. It is used to create a backup that can then be used with `docker load` $ docker save busybox > busybox.tar $ ls -sh busybox.tar 2.7M busybox.tar $ docker save --output busybox.tar busybox $ ls -sh busybox.tar 2.7M busybox.tar $ docker save -o fedora-all.tar fedora $ docker save -o fedora-latest.tar fedora:latest It is even useful to cherry-pick particular tags of an image repository $ docker save -o ubuntu.tar ubuntu:lucid ubuntu:saucy ## search Search [Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com) for images Usage: docker search [OPTIONS] TERM Search the Docker Hub for images --automated=false Only show automated builds --no-trunc=false Don't truncate output -s, --stars=0 Only displays with at least x stars See [*Find Public Images on Docker Hub*]( /userguide/dockerrepos/#searching-for-images) for more details on finding shared images from the command line. > **Note:** > Search queries will only return up to 25 results ## start Usage: docker start [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...] Start one or more stopped containers -a, --attach=false Attach STDOUT/STDERR and forward signals -i, --interactive=false Attach container's STDIN ## stats Usage: docker stats CONTAINER [CONTAINER...] Display a live stream of one or more containers' resource usage statistics --help=false Print usage Running `docker stats` on multiple containers $ docker stats redis1 redis2 CONTAINER CPU % MEM USAGE/LIMIT MEM % NET I/O redis1 0.07% 796 KiB/64 MiB 1.21% 788 B/648 B redis2 0.07% 2.746 MiB/64 MiB 4.29% 1.266 KiB/648 B The `docker stats` command will only return a live stream of data for running containers. Stopped containers will not return any data. > **Note:** > If you want more detailed information about a container's resource usage, use the API endpoint. ## stop Usage: docker stop [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...] Stop a running container by sending SIGTERM and then SIGKILL after a grace period -t, --time=10 Seconds to wait for stop before killing it The main process inside the container will receive `SIGTERM`, and after a grace period, `SIGKILL`. ## tag Usage: docker tag [OPTIONS] IMAGE[:TAG] [REGISTRYHOST/][USERNAME/]NAME[:TAG] Tag an image into a repository -f, --force=false Force You can group your images together using names and tags, and then upload them to [*Share Images via Repositories*]( /userguide/dockerrepos/#contributing-to-docker-hub). ## top Usage: docker top CONTAINER [ps OPTIONS] Display the running processes of a container ## unpause Usage: docker unpause CONTAINER [CONTAINER...] Unpause all processes within a container The `docker unpause` command uses the cgroups freezer to un-suspend all processes in a container. See the [cgroups freezer documentation](https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/freezer-subsystem.txt) for further details. ## version Usage: docker version Show the Docker version information. Show the Docker version, API version, Git commit, Go version and OS/architecture of both Docker client and daemon. Example use: $ docker version Client version: 1.5.0 Client API version: 1.17 Go version (client): go1.4.1 Git commit (client): a8a31ef OS/Arch (client): darwin/amd64 Server version: 1.5.0 Server API version: 1.17 Go version (server): go1.4.1 Git commit (server): a8a31ef OS/Arch (server): linux/amd64 ## wait Usage: docker wait CONTAINER [CONTAINER...] Block until a container stops, then print its exit code.